Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis to Examine Linkages Between Stakeholder Involvement and Ecological Outcomes in Caribbean MPAs

Abstract

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are common tools for Caribbean biodiversity conservation, yet their effectiveness depends on their management. This study examines how stakeholder involvement in MPA decision-making impacts ecological outcomes. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), we analyze 22 Caribbean MPAs to identify combinations of MPA management and design conditions associated with MPA impacts on fish biomass. Results show that while stakeholder engagement is not directly correlated with improved fish biomass, it remains a consistent factor when combined with other conditions such as governance, on-site management, and management planning. This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to MPA management and the need for more social and governance data to guide future conservation strategies, as MPAs are increasingly used globally.