PD-1/PD-L1 expression and interaction by automated quantitative immunofluorescent analysis show adverse prognostic impact in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma having T-cell infiltration: a study from the International DLBCL Consortium Program.

Abstract

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction is an important immune checkpoint targeted by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies. However, the observed prognostic significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with the standard of care has been inconsistent and even contradictory. To clarify the prognostic role of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and interaction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in this study we used 3-marker fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry and Automated Quantitative Analysis Technology to assess the CD3+, PD-L1+, and PD-1+CD3+ expression in diagnostic samples and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as indicated by presence of PD-1+CD3+ cells in the vicinity of PD-L1+ cells, analyzed their prognostic effects in 414 patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and examined whether PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is required for the prognostic role of PD-1+/PD-L1+ expression. We found that low T-cell tissue cellularity, tissue PD-L1+ expression (irrespective of cell types), PD-1+CD3+ expression, and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction showed hierarchical adverse prognostic effects in the study cohort. PD-1/PD-L1 interaction showed higher sensitivity and specificity than PD-1+ and PD-L1+ expression in predicting inferior prognosis in patients with high CD3+ tissue cellularity ("hot"/inflammatory tumors). However, both PD-1+ and PD-L1+ expression showed adverse prognostic effects independent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction showed favorable prognostic effect in PD-L1+ patients without high CD3+ tissue cellularity. Macrophage function and tumor-cell MYC expression may contribute to the PD-1-independent adverse prognostic effect of PD-L1+ expression. In summary, low T-cell tissue cellularity has unfavorable prognostic impact in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and tissue PD-L1+ expression and T-cell-derived PD-1+ expression have significant adverse impact only in patients with high T-cell infiltration. PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in tissue is essential but not always responsible for the inhibitory effect of PD-L1+/PD-1+ expression. These results suggest the benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies only in patients with sufficient T-cell infiltration, and the potential of immunofluorescent assays and Automated Quantitative Analysis in the clinical assessment of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and interaction.

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10.1038/s41379-018-0193-5

Publication Info

Li, Ling, Ruifang Sun, Yi Miao, Thai Tran, Lisa Adams, Nathan Roscoe, Bing Xu, Ganiraju C Manyam, et al. (2019). PD-1/PD-L1 expression and interaction by automated quantitative immunofluorescent analysis show adverse prognostic impact in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma having T-cell infiltration: a study from the International DLBCL Consortium Program. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 32(6). pp. 741–754. 10.1038/s41379-018-0193-5 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19335.

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Scholars@Duke

Xu-Monette

Zijun Yidan Xu-Monette

Assistant Professor in Pathology

My research efforts have been focused on identifying prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in B-cell lymphoma. My research interests also include investigation of molecular and immune mechanisms underlying the poor clinical outcomes of lymphoma, the pathogenesis and evolution of drug resistant clones, and development of novel therapies for aggressive B-cell lymphoma.

Young

Ken H Young

Professor of Pathology

I am a clinically-oriented diagnostic physician with clinical expertise in the pathologic diagnosis of hematologic cancers including tumors of the bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, spleen and pre-malignant hematologic conditions. Another area of interest is blood cancer classification with molecular and genetic profiling. In the research program, we focus on molecular mechanisms of tumor progression, cell-of-origin, biomarkers, and novel therapeutic strategies in lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia. In addition to patient care and translational research, medical education and communication are also part of focus. I provide persistent support for the physician-scientist program and Blood Cancer Pathology program in the department and cancer center. Many residents, fellows, graduates and postdocs have worked and been trained in our program. We perform comprehensive clinical and research functions that include bone marrow, lymphoma pathology, clinical flow cytometry, cytogenetics, molecular diagnostics and outside services.

I am currently the director of hematopathology division that provides diagnostic consultation services and relevant specialized testing for patients with various types of acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma and benign hematologic disorders. I am specialized in the diagnosis of hematological disorders, including acute and chronic leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, B and T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphoma, cutaneous and orbital lymphomas and benign bone marrow and lymph node disorders. 

Our clinical and research collaborative groups have been supported by various funding resources since 2006 and have published more than 300 original peer-reviewed articles and review articles, many in high- impact journals (Nature Clin Onc Rev, JCO, JAMA, Lancet, Blood, JHO, Leukemia and Clinical Cancer Research). The contributions to the hematology field include the development of novel diagnostic algorithms, molecular and genetic biomarkers for classification of blood cancer, lymphoid neoplasms and lymphoid diseases.


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