Hippocampal cellular loss after brief hypotension.
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2013-12
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Abstract
Brief episodes of hypotension have been shown to cause acute brain damage in animal models. We used a rat hemorrhagic shock model to assess functional outcome and to measure the relative neuronal damage at 1, 4 and 14 days post-injury (3 min of hypotension). All rats underwent a neurological assessment including motor abilities, sensory system evaluation and retrograde memory at post-hypotensive insult. Brains were harvested and stained for Fluorojade C and Nissl. Stereology was used to analyze Fluorojade C and Nissl stained brain sections to quantitatively detect neuronal damage after the hypotensive insult. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 5 with the Bonferroni test at a 95% confidence interval after ANOVA. A Mixed Effect Model was used for the passive avoidance evaluation. Stereologically counted fluorojade positive cells in the hippocampus revealed significant differences in neuronal cell injury between control rats and rats that received 3 min of hypotension one day after insult. Quantification of Nissl positive neuronal cells showed a significant decrease in the number hippocampal cells at day 14. No changes in frontal cortical cells were evident at any time, no significative changes in neurological assessments as well. Our observations show that brief periods of hemorrhage-induced hypotension actually result in neuronal cell damage in Sprague-Dawley rats even if the extent of neuronal damage that was incurred was not significant enough to cause changes in motor or sensory behavior.
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Chaparro, Rafael E, Carolina Quiroga, Gerardo Bosco, Diana Erasso, Alessandro Rubini, Devanand Mangar, Andrea Parmagnani, Enrico M Camporesi, et al. (2013). Hippocampal cellular loss after brief hypotension. SpringerPlus, 2(1). p. 23. 10.1186/2193-1801-2-23 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/26348.
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Eduardo Chaparro
Dr. Chaparro received his Medical Doctoral degree from Javeriana University in Bogota - Colombia and his Ph.D. in Medical Sciences with a focus on Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience from the University of South Florida in Tampa - Florida. He joined the Anesthesiology Department at USF for his graduate work to study the effects of anesthetics and anti-apoptotic compounds in brain ischemia. After completing his Ph.D., he came to Duke University for his post-doctoral training at the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratory where he dedicated his time to testing drugs and devices in different animal models of neurological conditions getting special recognition for successfully testing the first hepatocyte growth factor mimetic in an animal model of transient cerebral ischemia. He also successfully tested a vestibular stimulator approved by the FDA for human use. After completing his post-doctoral training, Dr. Chaparro joined the Cerebrovascular and Skull Base Division at the Duke University Department of Neurosurgery where he has dedicated his career to testing treatments for neurovascular conditions including stroke, moyamoya disease, aneurysms, intra-cerebral hemorrhages, intravascular stent thrombogenicity, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy. Dr. Chaparro is also an entrepreneur, and his interest in hypothermia as a treatment for neuronal inflammation, let him patent a brain-cooling device that has been successfully tested in non-human primates. He assembles a team of engineers, neuroscientists, and business experts to create Neurocool, a startup to develop the prototype further. As a CEO he is working on getting FDA approval and developing a human-compatible device aiming to help patients with central nervous system inflammatory conditions.
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