Examining data gaps in best management practice implementation and monitoring in the Chesapeake Bay: a multi-method approach

The Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States, experiences substantial levels of nutrient pollution. Despite widespread implementation of best management practices (BMPs), agencies have acknowledged that the Bay will not reach its nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment reduction goals for 2025. To understand the disconnect between BMPs and achieving water quality goals, we focused on the Lower Eastern Shore of Maryland, a largely agricultural region. Using a multi-method approach, we examined water quality trends, determined surface water connectivity to agricultural land, and interviewed experts to identify data gaps and barriers to implementing BMPs and assessing their impacts on water quality. We conclude that an insufficient monitoring network, lack of accessible data, and inadequate resource allocation are inhibiting a more comprehensive approach to water quality management.