Ras Post-transcriptionally Enhances a Pre-malignantly Primed EMT to Promote Invasion.
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2018-06
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Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is integral to cancer progression, with considerable evidence that EMT has multiple intermediary stages. Understanding the mechanisms of this stepwise activation is of great interest. We recreated a genetically defined model in which primary cells were immortalized, resulting in migratory capacity, and subsequently H-Ras-transformed, causing malignancy and invasion. To determine the mechanisms coordinating stepwise malignancy, we quantified the changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein abundance. During immortalization, we found dramatic changes in mRNA, consistent with EMT, which correlated with protein abundance. Many of these same proteins also changed following Ras transformation, suggesting that pre-malignant cells were primed for malignant conversion. Unexpectedly, changes in protein abundance did not correlate with changes in mRNA following transformation. Importantly, proteins involved in cellular adhesion and cytoskeletal structure decreased during immortalization and decreased further following Ras transformation, whereas their encoding mRNAs only changed during the immortalization step. Thus, Ras induced EMT-associated invasion via post-transcriptional mechanisms in primed pre-malignant cells.
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Bisogno, Laura S, Matthew B Friedersdorf and Jack D Keene (2018). Ras Post-transcriptionally Enhances a Pre-malignantly Primed EMT to Promote Invasion. iScience, 4. pp. 97–108. 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.011 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/18370.
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Jack Donald Keene
The Keene Laboratory has a long-term interest in the structure and function of viral and mammalian genomes. Having determined the first genomic sequences for rabies, Ebola, Marburg and vesicular stomatitis virus, and discerned the origins of defective interfering viruses, interests shifted to the cloning of six human genes involved in autoimmune reactivity. This resulted in the identification of numerous autoimmune RRM-type RNA-binding proteins the discovery of the RRM, and the RNA targets to which they bind. The current interests of the lab surround the functions of the human RRM-ELAV/Hu proteins that are bound to a subset of cellular mRNAs involved in growth regulation neuronal plasticiyt and cancer. The laboratory demonstrated that ELAV/Hu proteins bind and regulate the expression of early response gene transcripts such as those encoding the protooncogene and cytokine proteins.
In addition, it was shown that while stabilizing these mRNAs and/or activating their translation, the ELAV/Hu proteins participate in cellular , differentiation and carcinogenesis. More recently, the laboratory has examined dozens of RNA-binding proteins in order to identify large numbers of structurally
and/or functionally related mRNAs that cluster in vivo based upon their binding to these proteins. This has been termed ribonomics because it involves parallel analysis of mRNA subsets en masse based upon their presence in messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes. This new approach to functional genomics is being applied to virus-infected cells, tumors and cells treated with various agents. Ribonomics has led to the identification of mRNA clusters that are posttranscriptionally regulated, and represent the organizational state of genetic information between the genome and the proteome. Dr. Keen has propsed the existence of post-transcriptional operons based upon the association of structurally and functionally-linked mRNAs in vivo.
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