DukeSpace

Find and submit publications, theses, and dissertations by Duke faculty and students.

Communities in DukeSpace

Select a community to browse its collections.

Recent Submissions

  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Out-group homogeneity as evidence of left-right identification in multi-party democracies
    (European Journal of Political Research) Lin, Nick; Santoso, Lie Philip; Stevenson, Randolph T
    Abstract Are citizens in western democracies developing affective attachments to the Left and Right as social-political groups? If so, one can hardly imagine a more consequential development for understanding the electoral behavior of Western publics. However, previous evidence suggesting such attachments are important (and growing) comes from a small number of single-case studies. In this paper, we expand the evidentiary basis for this idea by implementing a method that leverages existing survey data to test whether citizens in western democracies, over a long time period, have developed such group-based attachments. Specifically, we use surveys in which respondents place parties on the left-right scale to test for the existence of an out-group homogeneity effect between potential Left and Right identifiers. We argue that this pattern provides compelling indirect evidence of such group attachments and shows that the effect is both widespread across western democracies and increasing over time. As a proof of concept, we fielded original surveys in Denmark, Italy, and Sweden and found that our direct Left/Right attachment measures are strongly associated with the indirect evidence documented in our cross-national analyses. Thus, this paper provides an empirically justified call for scholars to invest in the development of appropriate survey batteries that directly measure affective attachments to the Left and Right in a large set of countries.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Development and Validation of PT-PENCIL: The Physical Therapy Frequency Clinical Decision Support Tool to Increase Hospital Discharge to Home.
    (Physical therapy, 2025-08) Lapin, Brittany; Passek, Sandra; Schuster, Andrew; Stilphen, Mary; Minick, Kate; Collingridge, Dave S; Hunt, Beth; Woodfield, Devyn; Rothberg, Michael B; Johnson, Joshua K

    Importance

    Identifying patients most likely to benefit from physical therapy in the hospital could aid physical therapists in optimizing treatment allocation for the purpose of increasing discharge to home.

    Objective

    The aims of this study were to develop and externally validate a predictive model for discharge to home on the basis of physical therapy frequency for patients who were hospitalized.

    Design

    A predictive model was developed using retrospective cohort data collected between April 2017 and August 2022, with external validation conducted in a separate sample.

    Setting

    The setting was a large health system.

    Participants

    Participants were adult patients who were hospitalized and received physical therapy.

    Main outcome and measures

    Predictors were extracted from the electronic health record and included demographics, clinical characteristics, and therapist-entered variables such as home set-up and prehospital level of function. Physical therapy frequency was quantified as once daily, defined as ≥5 times per week. The outcome was discharge to home. Variables were included in the final multivariable logistic regression model on the basis of associations with physical therapy frequency and/or outcome and clinical relevance. Calibration and discrimination of the models were assessed.

    Results

    The development sample included 205,659 adult patient (average age = 72.2 [SD = 14.3] years; 55.3% female) hospitalizations, with 52.5% of patients receiving physical therapy daily and an overall proportion of 67.1% being discharged to home. The final multivariable model included 8 variables, with good calibration and discrimination. Internal validity was established with an optimism-corrected concordance statistic of 0.874 (95% CI = 0.872-0.875). The external sample included 102,311 patient (average age = 67.7 [SD = 16.5] years; 50.9% female) admissions, with 64.5% of patients receiving physical therapy daily and 77.8% being discharged to home. Predictive performance was high (calibration slope = 0.908), and discrimination was good (concordance statistic = 0.851).

    Conclusions and relevance

    This study developed and externally validated the underlying prediction model for a clinical decision support tool, termed Physical Therapy Frequency Clinical Decision Support Tool (PT-PENCIL), to identify patients most likely to benefit from daily physical therapy to discharge to home. Future work will evaluate the implementation of PT-PENCIL to determine its effect on patient-centered outcomes.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Rod‐Like Cytoplasmic Inclusions in the Peripheral Blood Smear of a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
    (eJHaem, 2026-02) Prasad, Abhishek; Nguyen, Tran B; Carrillo, Luis F
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Feminismos en la Nueva Canción Ibérica
    (2021) Romera Figueroa, Elia
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,