Browsing by Author "Jenks, JD"

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    Correction to: (New) Methods for Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus Resistance in Clinical Samples (Current Fungal Infection Reports, (2019), 13, 3, (129-136), 10.1007/s12281-019-00342-w)
    (Current Fungal Infection Reports, 2019-09-15) Jenks, JD; Spiess, B; Buchheidt, D; Hoenigl, M
    Funding information was incomplete. The correct information is given below.
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    Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics.
    (Studies in mycology, 2021-09) Arastehfar, A; Carvalho, A; Houbraken, J; Lombardi, L; Garcia-Rubio, R; Jenks, JD; Rivero-Menendez, O; Aljohani, R; Jacobsen, ID; Berman, J; Osherov, N; Hedayati, MT; Ilkit, M; Armstrong-James, D; Gabaldón, T; Meletiadis, J; Kostrzewa, M; Pan, W; Lass-Flörl, C; Perlin, DS; Hoenigl, M
    The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP 51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP 51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.
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    Improved tuberculosis outcomes with daily vs. intermittent rifabutin in HIV-TB coinfected patients in India.
    (The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2016-09) Jenks, JD; Kumarasamy, N; Ezhilarasi, C; Poongulali, S; Ambrose, P; Yepthomi, T; Devaraj, C; Benson, CA

    Setting

    Y R Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India.

    Objective

    To compare anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection on atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) antiretroviral therapy (ART) plus daily rifabutin (RBT) 150 mg with those on ATV/r plus thrice-weekly RBT 150 mg.

    Design

    A retrospective study was conducted of two HIV-TB co-infected cohorts between 2003 and 2014. Basic demographic and TB outcome data were obtained from an electronic database and patient records. The χ(2) and Fisher's exact test were used to compare daily and intermittent RBT treatment groups.

    Results

    Of 292 individuals on an ATV/r-based ART regimen plus RBT, 118 (40.4%) received thrice-weekly RBT and 174 (59.6%) daily RBT. Patients in the two RBT treatment groups were similar in sex, age, previous history of TB, site of TB and acid-fast bacilli smear status. More individuals in the daily vs. the intermittent RBT group achieved clinical cure (73.0% vs. 44.1%, P < 0.001), with no significant differences in relapse/recurrence or all-cause mortality between groups.

    Conclusion

    There were higher rates of clinical TB cure in individuals on a boosted protease inhibitor-based ART regimen with daily RBT compared to intermittently dosed RBT. Optimal RBT dosing in this setting requires further investigation.
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    Suppurative parotitis Due to Candida glabrata: Case report and review of the literature
    (Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, 2010-05-01) Jenks, JD; Czachor, JS; Gibbs, PM; Taylor, EL
    We report the case of an insulin-dependent diabetic woman with chronic renal insufficiency who developed Candida glabrata suppurative parotitis. Infectious inflammation of the parotid gland is typically bacterial in etiology, and candidal parotitis is a rarely documented finding with only 6 reported cases in the literature. Four cases involved Candida albicans; and 2, C. glabrata. Furthermore, our patient was uncharacteristically young and without ductal obstruction or other nidus for infection, which makes this case especially unique. We also present a literature review of the previous cases. © 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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    Voriconazole plus terbinafine combination antifungal therapy for invasive Lomentospora prolificans infections: analysis of 41 patients from the FungiScope® registry 2008-2019.
    (Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020-06) Jenks, JD; Seidel, D; Cornely, OA; Chen, S; van Hal, S; Kauffman, C; Miceli, MH; Heinemann, M; Christner, M; Jover Sáenz, A; Burchardt, A; Kemmerling, B; Herbrecht, R; Steinmann, J; Shoham, S; Gräber, S; Pagano, L; Deeren, D; Aslam, S; Taplitz, R; Revankar, SG; Baddley, J; Mehta, SR; Reed, S; Slavin, MA; Hoenigl, M

    Objectives

    Lomentospora prolificans is an emerging cause of serious invasive fungal infections. Optimal treatment of these infections is unknown, although voriconazole-containing treatment regimens are considered the treatment of choice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of combination antifungal therapy for L. prolificans infections.

    Methods

    We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients with invasive L. prolificans infection diagnosed between 1 January 2008 and 9 September 2019 that were documented in the FungiScope® registry of rare invasive fungal infections. We compared clinical outcomes between antifungal treatment strategies.

    Results

    Over the study period, 41 individuals with invasive L. prolificans infection from eight different countries were documented in the FungiScope® registry. Overall, 17/40 (43%) had treatment response/stable disease and 21/40 (53%) had a fatal outcome attributed to invasive fungal infection. Combination antifungal therapy was associated with increased 28-day survival (15/24 survived versus 4/16 receiving monotherapy; p 0.027) and the combination voriconazole plus terbinafine trended to be associated with higher rates of treatment success (10/16, 63%, 95% CI 35%-85%) compared with other antifungal treatment regimens (7/24, 29%, 95% CI 13%-51%, p 0.053). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis there was a higher survival probability in individuals receiving the voriconazole/terbinafine combination compared with other antifungal regimens (median survival 150 days versus 17 days).

    Conclusions

    While overall mortality was high, combination antifungal treatment, and in particular combination therapy with voriconazole plus terbinafine may be associated with improved treatment outcomes compared with other antifungal regimens for the treatment of invasive L. prolificans infections.