Browsing by Author "Jiang, Yue"
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Item Open Access Development, validation, and evaluation of a risk assessment tool for personalized screening of gastric cancer in Chinese populations.(BMC medicine, 2023-04) Zhu, Xia; Lv, Jun; Zhu, Meng; Yan, Caiwang; Deng, Bin; Yu, Canqing; Guo, Yu; Ni, Jing; She, Qiang; Wang, Tianpei; Wang, Jiayu; Jiang, Yue; Chen, Jiaping; Hang, Dong; Song, Ci; Gao, Xuefeng; Wu, Jian; Dai, Juncheng; Ma, Hongxia; Yang, Ling; Chen, Yiping; Song, Mingyang; Wei, Qingyi; Chen, Zhengming; Hu, Zhibin; Shen, Hongbing; Ding, Yanbing; Li, Liming; Jin, GuangfuBackground
Effective risk prediction models are lacking for personalized endoscopic screening of gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate a questionnaire-based GC risk assessment tool for risk prediction and stratification in the Chinese population.Methods
In this three-stage multicenter study, we first selected eligible variables by Cox regression models and constructed a GC risk score (GCRS) based on regression coefficients in 416,343 subjects (aged 40-75 years) from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB, development cohort). In the same age range, we validated the GCRS effectiveness in 13,982 subjects from another independent Changzhou cohort (validation cohort) as well as in 5348 subjects from an endoscopy screening program in Yangzhou. Finally, we categorized participants into low (bottom 20%), intermediate (20-80%), and high risk (top 20%) groups by the GCRS distribution in the development cohort.Results
The GCRS using 11 questionnaire-based variables demonstrated a Harrell's C-index of 0.754 (95% CI, 0.745-0.762) and 0.736 (95% CI, 0.710-0.761) in the two cohorts, respectively. In the validation cohort, the 10-year risk was 0.34%, 1.05%, and 4.32% for individuals with a low (≤ 13.6), intermediate (13.7~30.6), and high (≥ 30.7) GCRS, respectively. In the endoscopic screening program, the detection rate of GC varied from 0.00% in low-GCRS individuals, 0.27% with intermediate GCRS, to 2.59% with high GCRS. A proportion of 81.6% of all GC cases was identified from the high-GCRS group, which represented 28.9% of all the screened participants.Conclusions
The GCRS can be an effective risk assessment tool for tailored endoscopic screening of GC in China. Risk Evaluation for Stomach Cancer by Yourself (RESCUE), an online tool was developed to aid the use of GCRS.Item Open Access Employing Neural Language Models and A Bayesian Hierarchical Framework for Classification and Engagement Analysis of Misinformation on Social Media(2022-04) List, AbbeyWhile social media can be an effective tool for maintaining personal relationships and making global connections, it has become a powerful force in the damaging spread of misinformation, especially during universally difficult and taxing events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we collected a sample of Tweets related to COVID-19 from Twitter accounts of influential political media commentators and news organizations, assigning labels of misinformation, misleading, or legitimate to each Tweet. We constructed a Bayesian hierarchical negative binomial regression model to analyze any associations between Tweet engagement and misleading status while controlling for factors such as political lean, lexical diversity, and Retweet status. We found evidence that engagement had a positive association with misleading status and text readability, as well as a negative association with Retweets. We also employed a DeBERTa neural language classification model to predict the presence of misinformative or misleading content in Tweets, and we experimented with external datasets, multitask fine-tuning, backtranslation, and weighted loss to achieve accuracy of 0.683 and a macro F1-score of 0.593. We then examined DeBERTa explainability through word attributions with integrated gradients and found that tokens with the highest influence on model predictions often possessed connotations or context that was understandably related to the predicted label. The results of this study indicate that misleading status, Retweet status, and linguistic features may hold associations with overall Tweet engagement, and the DeBERTa model represents a potentially useful tool that can examine Tweet text alone without an external knowledge base and determine whether misinformation is present.Item Open Access Modulation and Ligand Selectivity of Mammalian Odorant Receptors(2015) Jiang, YueIn mammals, the perception of smell starts with the activation of odorant receptors (ORs) by volatile molecules in the environment. Mammalian genomes typically encode large numbers of ORs, with approximately 400 intact ORs in human and more than 1000 in mouse. Central to the question of how olfactory stimuli are represented at the peripheral level is defining the ligand selectivity and activity regulation of ORs.
Processing of chemosensory signals in the brain is dynamically regulated in part by an animal’s physiological state. The Matsunami lab previously reported that type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3-Rs) physically interact with odorant receptors (ORs) to promote odor-induced responses in a heterologous expression system. However, it is not known how M3-Rs affect the ability of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) to respond to odors. In chapter 2, I demonstrate that the activation of M3-Rs inhibits the recruitment of β-arrestin-2 to ORs, resulting in a potentiation of odor-induced response in OSNs. These results suggest a role for acetylcholine in modulating olfactory processing at the initial stages of signal transduction in the olfactory system.
Understanding odor coding requires comprehensive mapping between odorant receptors and corresponding odorants. In chapter 3, I present a high-throughput in vivo method to identify repertoires of odorant receptors activated by odorants, using phosphorylated ribosome immunoprecipitation of mRNA from olfactory epithelium of odor-stimulated mice followed by RNA-Seq. This approach screens endogenously expressed odorant receptors against an odorant in one set of experiments, using awake and freely behaving mice. In combination with validations in a heterologous system, we identify sets of odorant receptors for two odorants, acetophenone and 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), encompassing 69 receptor-odorant pairs. I also identified shared amino acid residues specific to the acetophenone or TMT receptors, and developed a model to predict receptor activation. This study provides a means to understand the combinatorial coding of odors in vivo.
Item Open Access Plasma miRNAs as early biomarkers for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma.(Int J Cancer, 2015-10-01) Wen, Yang; Han, Jing; Chen, Jianguo; Dong, Jing; Xia, Yongxiang; Liu, Jibin; Jiang, Yue; Dai, Juncheng; Lu, Jianhua; Jin, Guangfu; Han, Jiali; Wei, Qingyi; Shen, Hongbing; Sun, Beicheng; Hu, ZhibinThe early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a challenge because of the lack of specific biomarkers. Serum/plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) can discriminate HCC patients from controls. We aimed to identify and evaluate HCC-associated plasma miRNAs originating from the liver as early biomarkers for detecting HCC. In this multicenter three-phase study, we first performed screening using both plasma (HCC before and after liver transplantation or liver hepatectomy) and tissue samples (HCC, para-carcinoma and cirrhotic tissues). Then, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of the miRNAs in two case-control studies (training and validation sets). Finally, we used two prospective cohorts to test the potential of the identified miRNAs for the early detection of HCC. During the screening phase, we identified ten miRNAs, eight of which (miR-20a-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-185-5p, miR-320a and miR-324-3p) were significantly overexpressed in the HBV-positive HCC patients compared with the HBV-positive cancer-free controls in both the training and validation sets, with a sensitivity of 0.866 and specificity of 0.646. Furthermore, we assessed the potential for early HCC detection of these eight newly identified miRNAs and three previously reported miRNAs (miR-192-5p, miR-21-5p and miR-375) in two prospective cohorts. Our meta-analysis revealed that four miRNAs (miR-20a-5p, miR-320a, miR-324-3p and miR-375) could be used as preclinical biomarkers (pmeta < 0.05) for HCC. The expression profile of the eight-miRNA panel can be used to discriminate HCC patients from cancer-free controls, and the four-miRNA panel (alone or combined with AFP) could be a blood-based early detection biomarker for HCC screening.Item Open Access Predicting Ligand Selectivity of Mammalian Odorant Receptors(2015) Jiang, YueThe mammalian olfactory system uses a large family of odorant receptors to detect and discriminate amongst a myriad of volatile odor molecules. The odorant receptors are similar in protein sequence, but their ligand selectivities dramatically differ. It is not clear how the protein sequences determine the responsiveness of odorant receptors. In this study, I attempt to establish the link between the protein sequences of odorant receptors and their ligand selectivity.
Starting from the response profiles of hundreds of mouse odorant receptors to an odorant generated from my previous work, I used machine learning and variable selection methods to identify properties of amino acid residues that predict receptor response. This leads to protein sequence-based models for odorant receptor response prediction. The models trained with mouse odorant receptor data can predict human odorant receptor responses.
Item Open Access Representation of Female Speakers at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meetings Over Time.(The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2023-03) Nwosu, Chinemerem; Wittstein, Jocelyn R; Erickson, Melissa M; Schroeder, Nicole; Santiesteban, Lauren; Klifto, Christopher; Jiang, Yue; Shapiro, LaurenBackground
In the United States, women comprise 16% of orthopaedic surgery residents, 4% of fellows, and 6% of practicing orthopaedic surgeons. The underrepresentation of women in surgical subspecialties may be because of lack of early exposure to female mentors. Conference speaker roles are important for visibility. This study aims to evaluate the representation of women in speaker roles and responsibilities at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) meetings over time.Methods
The names of speakers and session titles at the annual AAOS meetings were obtained from conference programs for the years 2009, 2014, and 2019. Each speaker was classified based on sex and role. Sessions discussing scientific or surgical topics were classified as technical and those that did not were classified as nontechnical. Descriptive statistics are provided, as well as individual-year odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) examining sex versus technical session status and sex versus speaker role; combined results controlling for year are calculated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method.Results
Overall, 3,980 speaking sessions were analyzed; 6.8% of speaking sessions were assigned to women. Women were more likely than men to participate in nontechnical speaking roles (OR 3.85; 95% CI, 2.79 to 4.78). Among talks given by women, the percentage that were nontechnical increased (25.5% in 2009, 24.3% in 2014, and 44.1% in 2019). Among moderator roles, the percentage assigned to women increased (4.5% in 2009, 6.0% in 2014, 14.5% in 2019).Discussion
Our findings demonstrate an increase in female speakers at AAOS meetings from 2009 to 2019. The percentage of female moderators and nontechnical sessions given by women increased since 2009. A need for a shift in the distribution of speaker role exists, which promotes inclusivity and prevents professional marginalization. Representation of women as role models increases visibility and may address the leaky pipeline phenomenon and paucity of women in orthopaedics.