Browsing by Author "de Lemos, James A"
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Item Open Access Effectiveness and Safety of Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy Use Among Older Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction After Acute Myocardial Infarction.(J Am Heart Assoc, 2016-01-21) Wang, Tracy Y; Vora, Amit N; Peng, S Andrew; Fonarow, Gregg C; Das, Sandeep; de Lemos, James A; Peterson, Eric DBACKGROUND: While aldosterone antagonists have proven benefit among post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients with low ejection fraction (EF), how this treatment is used among older MI patients in routine practice is not well described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using ACTION Registry-GWTG linked to Medicare data, we examined 12 080 MI patients ≥65 years with EF ≤40% who were indicated for aldosterone antagonist therapy per current guidelines and without documented contraindications. Of these, 11% (n=1310) were prescribed aldosterone antagonists at discharge. Notably, 10% of patients prescribed an aldosterone antagonist were eligible for, but not concurrently treated with, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. Spironolactone was the predominantly prescribed aldosterone antagonist. At 2-year follow-up, aldosterone antagonist use was not associated with lower mortality (unadjusted 39% versus 38%; HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88-1.33 using inverse probability-weighted propensity adjustment) except in symptomatic HF patients (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.99, Pinteraction=0.009). Risks of hyperkalemia were low at 30 days, but significantly higher among patients prescribed aldosterone antagonists (unadjusted 2.3% versus 1.5%; adjusted HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.16-3.60), as was 2-year risk of acute renal failure (unadjusted 6.7% versus 4.8%; adjusted HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.01-1.92) compared with patients not prescribed aldosterone antagonists. CONCLUSIONS: Aldosterone antagonist use among eligible older MI patients in routine clinical practice was not associated with lower mortality except in patients with HF symptoms, but was associated with increased risks of hyperkalemia and acute renal failure. These results underscore the importance of close post-discharge monitoring of this patient population.Item Open Access Racial and Ethnic Differences in Presentation and Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Findings From the American Heart Association's COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry.(Circulation, 2021-06) Rodriguez, Fatima; Solomon, Nicole; de Lemos, James A; Das, Sandeep R; Morrow, David A; Bradley, Steven M; Elkind, Mitchell SV; Williams, Joseph H; Holmes, DaJuanicia; Matsouaka, Roland A; Gupta, Divya; Gluckman, Ty J; Abdalla, Marwah; Albert, Michelle A; Yancy, Clyde W; Wang, Tracy YBackground
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed longstanding racial and ethnic inequities in health risks and outcomes in the United States. We aimed to identify racial and ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Methods
The American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry is a retrospective observational registry capturing consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We present data on the first 7868 patients by race/ethnicity treated at 88 hospitals across the United States between January 17, 2020, and July 22, 2020. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure) and COVID-19 cardiorespiratory ordinal severity score (worst to best: death, cardiac arrest, mechanical ventilation with mechanical circulatory support, mechanical ventilation with vasopressors/inotrope support, mechanical ventilation without hemodynamic support, and hospitalization alone. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between race/ethnicity and each outcome adjusting for differences in sociodemographic, clinical, and presentation features, and accounting for clustering by hospital.Results
Among 7868 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 33.0% were Hispanic, 25.5% were non-Hispanic Black, 6.3% were Asian, and 35.2% were non-Hispanic White. Hispanic and Black patients were younger than non-Hispanic White and Asian patients and were more likely to be uninsured. Black patients had the highest prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Black patients also had the highest rates of mechanical ventilation (23.2%) and renal replacement therapy (6.6%) but the lowest rates of remdesivir use (6.1%). Overall mortality was 18.4% with 53% of all deaths occurring in Black and Hispanic patients. The adjusted odds ratios for mortality were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76-1.14) for Black patients, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.73-1.11) for Hispanic patients, and 1.31 (95% CI, 0.96-1.80) for Asian patients compared with non-Hispanic White patients. The median odds ratio across hospitals was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.74-2.48). Results were similar for major adverse cardiovascular events. Asian patients had the highest COVID-19 cardiorespiratory severity at presentation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.16-1.90]).Conclusions
Although in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ by race/ethnicity after adjustment, Black and Hispanic patients bore a greater burden of mortality and morbidity because of their disproportionate representation among COVID-19 hospitalizations.