Browsing by Subject "EV"
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Item Open Access A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing.(J Extracell Vesicles, 2016) Vogel, Robert; Coumans, Frank AW; Maltesen, Raluca G; Böing, Anita N; Bonnington, Katherine E; Broekman, Marike L; Broom, Murray F; Buzás, Edit I; Christiansen, Gunna; Hajji, Najat; Kristensen, Søren R; Kuehn, Meta J; Lund, Sigrid M; Maas, Sybren LN; Nieuwland, Rienk; Osteikoetxea, Xabier; Schnoor, Rosalie; Scicluna, Benjamin J; Shambrook, Mitch; de Vrij, Jeroen; Mann, Stephen I; Hill, Andrew F; Pedersen, ShonaBACKGROUND: Understanding the pathogenic role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in disease and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility is extremely reliant on in-depth quantification, measurement and identification of EV sub-populations. Quantification of EVs has presented several challenges, predominantly due to the small size of vesicles such as exosomes and the availability of various technologies to measure nanosized particles, each technology having its own limitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A standardized methodology to measure the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been developed and tested. The method is based on measuring the EV concentration as a function of a defined size range. Blood plasma EVs are isolated and purified using size exclusion columns (qEV) and consecutively measured with tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). Six independent research groups measured liposome and EV samples with the aim to evaluate the developed methodology. Each group measured identical samples using up to 5 nanopores with 3 repeat measurements per pore. Descriptive statistics and unsupervised multivariate data analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate reproducibility across the groups and to explore and visualise possible patterns and outliers in EV and liposome data sets. RESULTS: PCA revealed good reproducibility within and between laboratories, with few minor outlying samples. Measured mean liposome (not filtered with qEV) and EV (filtered with qEV) concentrations had coefficients of variance of 23.9% and 52.5%, respectively. The increased variance of the EV concentration measurements could be attributed to the use of qEVs and the polydisperse nature of EVs. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of this standardized methodology to facilitate comparable and reproducible EV concentration measurements.Item Open Access Electric Utilities and the EV Market: A Decision-Making Tool for State-Specific Strategies(2020-04-20) Jaishankar, Aishwarya; Weaver, MichelleChange in U.S. electricity demand has been nearly flat over the past decade. In parallel, electric vehicle (EV) market growth offers opportunities for boosting the revenue and resilience of utilities, while supporting climate change goals. This project uses market research and expert interviews to assess how utilities can best advance the EV market, address key challenges, and benefit from new opportunities. A state-specific multi-criteria decision matrix was developed to rank the viability of ten commonly used utility EV programs based on a utility users’ characteristics. The criteria used to determine the rankings were: profitability through internal rate of return analysis, risk as the probability and impact of failure, state policy environment, and history of regulatory action. Specific case studies yielded that utilities across the U.S. should focus on implementing time of use rates, improving customer engagement, and investing in public and private charging infrastructure.Item Open Access The Electric Vehicle Transition: An Analysis of the EV Value Chain and Market Entry Strategies for an Energy Client(2020-04-24) Adams, Tucker; Davenport, Emily; Vitha, JayThe increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will change the landscape of several industries including transportation, technology, and electric power. EVs will impact the business plans and strategies of energy providers as they continue to provide energy to customers. An energy client is trying to capture the additional value that EVs are going to bring to the energy sector. This study analyzes and categorizes the current state of the EV market, both in Texas and nationally, organizes the current projections made from large industry reports, assesses the value chain of EVs and provides recommendations for an energy client about how to best proceed with a new strategy that incorporates EVs to make the firm successful in this quickly changing industry.