Browsing by Subject "Migrants"
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Item Open Access Culture in the Age of Biopolitics: Migrant Communities and Corporate Social Responsibility in China(2013) Chien, JenniferThis dissertation examines the conjuncture of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and migrant social life in the urban space of Beijing as a problematic of what Foucault called biopower, where distinct logics of market and state power deploy techniques of civil society and culture in the form of public-private partnerships. The unique effect of this conjuncture is an expanding logic of power that obfuscates lines of antagonism between capital and labor, requiring new theoretical and methodological insight into how power, resistance, and antagonism might be conceived in the biopolitical era.
Drawing on recent work on biopower and new theories of antagonism and subjectivity, I argue (following Badiou's work) that both power and resistance must be articulated in their divided tendencies, which allows us to work through how certain tendencies may be contradictory and complementary, and to redraw the lines of antagonism at the level of subjectivity in terms of these divided tendencies. These lines of antagonism don't fall between public/private, market/state, or civil society/state, but along a process by which subjectivities are produced and sustained at a "distance" from the logic of their placement in society, or integrated into power by various strategies of civil society and culture. The practices and theoretical productions of one migrant cultural organization in Beijing, whose project centers on the production of new migrant subjectivity and culture in the transformation of self and society, provides insight into how we might conceive of politics as new forms of "distance" from the logic of biopower.
Through over twelve months of intensive fieldwork from 2010-2011 and follow up trips the following year on the intersection between Corporate Social Responsibility and migrant social life in Beijing, I trace the techniques by which antagonistic subjectivity is intervened upon. First, I examine the surrounding discourses, logics, and conditions of knowledge production on culture that inform the projects of migrant subjectivity from a historical perspective, and reveal a theoretical impasse in the displacement and disavowal of revolutionary culture to grapple with how to re-think antagonistic contradictions in the pervading market logic of difference. The continuation of this impasse into the biopolitical era is brought into focus through the state and market turn to "culture industries" that include, mirror, and delimit migrant social life in Beijing. Problematizing the rise of self-articulated migrant subjectivity and migrant culture amidst these public-private projects, I then turn to the practices of one migrant organization whose project draws upon a legacy of struggle for self-organized and self-run migrant collective practices to successfully confront and block a situation of forced demolition and displacement. Analyzing how elements from state, market, and "civil society" interacted through public-private partnerships in the situation of daily migrant struggles, I identify the importance of the rise of Corporate Social Responsibility in the urban space of Beijing and the growth of biopolitical practices of intervention upon the migrant issue. I argue that the effect of the diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility as a social practice is to enroll migrants as active participants in a social life that makes their subjectivities and productive activities visible to the public sphere. Lines of antagonism can thus be drawn by taking up distinctions between subjectivities oriented toward "the public," "self-governance," and the CSR "community," versus collective self-organizing. I conclude by arguing that if biopower seeks to mirror practices of resistance and power by drawing upon the self-activities of cooperative subjects, then thinking about the self-organized and self-run migrant organization as a new form of "distance" may shed light on how antagonism and political struggle might be redefined today.
Item Open Access Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Treatment Default Amongst Migrant and Mobile Populations in Myanmar(2017) Mandakh, YumjirmaaBackground: Ending the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2035 will substantially depend on the effective control of the “lost to follow-up” (LTFU) from TB treatment. Myanmar is one of the 14 countries with high burden of TB, TB/HIV, and Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of the study is to identify the factors associated with LTFU from TB treatment among migrant and mobile populations in Mon and Kayin States in Myanmar.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with a convergent mixed methods design. 146 new TB patients were surveyed and 14 “treatment after LTFU” patients were interviewed between June and September, 2016. Upon the treatment outcome data made available in February 2017, the survival analysis was conducted to measure the effect of potential predictors on time to LTFU during the full duration of treatment using Stata 14.0 version for Mac. Thematic networks analysis was applied to the qualitative data analysis by NVivo software 11.3.2 version for Mac.
Results: Of the 146 patients included, 10 (6.85%) new patients were LTFU from treatment. Having a family and/or community member support during the six to eight months’ treatment was a protective factor (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.146; 95% CI 0.037 - 0.576; p = 0.0075), whereas the intention to stay for less than three months at the current place was a potential risk factor (HR 6.323; 95% CI 1.403 – 28.499; p = 0.0075) for getting LTFU from TB treatment. Having a lack of knowledge, but a positive attitude towards TB predisposed migrant TB patients to look for health education. However, financial constraint and social stigma of TB reinforced them to get LTFU from TB treatment. Poor provider-to-patient communication and barriers to accessibility of services were the enabling factors for the delay seeking care and treatment.
Conclusions: People on the move who are intended to stay in working area for less than 3 months are the high-risk group for TB treatment default. Having no family and/or community member support is a risk factor associated with tuberculosis treatment default among the migrant and mobile populations in Mon and Kayin States of Myanmar. National Tuberculosis Program should strengthen the existing multilateral community-based TB care with an integrated referral system inclusive of people on the move who are intended to stay in working area for less than three months. Fostering self-efficacy of TB patients by patient-centered communication and informed decision-making in the clinical setting as well as in the community will enable the better adherence to TB treatment among the migrant and mobile populations.
Item Open Access Human Migration and Resource use in Sulawesi Fishing CommunitiesKramer, R; Simanjuntak, S.The relationship between human population changes and the use of coastal resources in several communities in North Sulawesi, Indonesia is examined using a combination of demographic and econometric analysis. The study area has some of Indonesia's richest marine biodiversity and a number of important coastal resources that support the livelihood of a large number of fishing communities. Following focus groups and pretesting, direct interview surveys were conducted in 1999 with 601 households whose primary occupation was fishing. Demographic analysis reveals that migration is the major driver of human population growth in the area. Econometric analysis is used to explore the effects of migration and other socio economic variables on fishing activity in the area. Recommendations for resource managers include greater monitoring of resource impacts of migrants and increased involvement of local communities in the development of regional fishing policies.