Browsing by Subject "Opportunistic Infections"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Breakthrough invasive fungal infections: Who is at risk?
    (Mycoses, 2020-10) Jenks, Jeffrey D; Cornely, Oliver A; Chen, Sharon C-A; Thompson, George R; Hoenigl, Martin
    The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised individuals has changed over the last few decades, partially due to the increased use of antifungal agents to prevent IFIs. Although this strategy has resulted in an overall reduction in IFIs, a subset of patients develop breakthrough IFIs with substantial morbidity and mortality in this population. Here, we review the most significant risk factors for breakthrough IFIs in haematology patients, solid organ transplant recipients, and patients in the intensive care unit, focusing particularly on host factors, and highlight areas that require future investigation.
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    Invasive Curvularia Infection in Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Malignancy Identified by Fungal Sequencing.
    (Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2019-03) Chang, Yeh-Chung; Graf, Erin; Green, Abby M
    Curvularia is a saprophytic dematiaceous mold and a rare human pathogen. Here, we report three severely immunocompromised pediatric patients who developed invasive Curvularia infection. Diagnosis was achieved or confirmed in all cases by fungal ribosome sequencing, which hastened species identification and targeted treatment for the patients reported. There are no treatment guidelines for invasive Curvularia infection, though we report three patients who were cured of their infection through a combination of surgical resection and various anti-fungal therapies, indicating a relatively low virulence and good prognosis in comparison to other angioinvasive molds.
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    Invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections in transplant recipients, United States, 2001-2006.
    (Emerging infectious diseases, 2011-10) Park, Benjamin J; Pappas, Peter G; Wannemuehler, Kathleen A; Alexander, Barbara D; Anaissie, Elias J; Andes, David R; Baddley, John W; Brown, Janice M; Brumble, Lisa M; Freifeld, Alison G; Hadley, Susan; Herwaldt, Loreen; Ito, James I; Kauffman, Carol A; Lyon, G Marshall; Marr, Kieren A; Morrison, Vicki A; Papanicolaou, Genovefa; Patterson, Thomas F; Perl, Trish M; Schuster, Mindy G; Walker, Randall; Wingard, John R; Walsh, Thomas J; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P
    Recent reports describe increasing incidence of non-Aspergillus mold infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. To investigate the epidemiology of infections with Mucorales, Fusarium spp., and Scedosporium spp. molds, we analyzed data from the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network, 23 transplant centers that conducted prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections during 2001-2006. We identified 169 infections (105 Mucorales, 37 Fusarium spp., and 27 Scedosporium spp.) in 169 patients; 124 (73.4%) were in HCT recipients, and 45 (26.6%) were in SOT recipients. The crude 90-day mortality rate was 56.6%. The 12-month mucormycosis cumulative incidence was 0.29% for HCT and 0.07% for SOT. Mucormycosis incidence among HCT recipients varied widely, from 0.08% to 0.69%, with higher incidence in cohorts receiving transplants during 2003 and 2004. Non-Aspergillus mold infections continue to be associated with high mortality rates. The incidence of mucormycosis in HCT recipients increased substantially during the surveillance period.