Browsing by Subject "Shame"
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Item Open Access Exploring Shame and Guilt When it Matters Most: How Our Reactions to Personally Relevant Transgressions Relate to Well-Being or Distress(2013) Barnard, LauraAfter the committing of an error or transgression, some people are prone to experience shame (they feel badly about themselves) and some are prone to experience guilt (they tend to feel badly about their action or inaction). Although a sizable number of researchers have examined how shame and guilt relate to distress or health, the field knows very little about whether persons are more prone to shame or whether shame is more strongly associated with distress when the error is particularly relevant to the offender's sense of self. The current research aims to address this significant gap in the literature.
One domain in which people's self-view and sense of worth is often heightened is their work or vocation. Clergy have been shown to collapse who they are with what they do or are called to do in their role as pastor. Therefore, a measure that uses failures that clergy may experience in their role was created to examine how this domain specific shame and guilt relate to general shame and guilt, positive and negative affect, and clergy burnout.
Student pastors generated items for the new scale of domain specific shame and guilt. Seminary students completed questionnaires online and were asked to complete the new measure again one month later to establish test-retest reliability. Factor analyses were run to examine the structure of the shame and guilt scales. A secondary factor analysis found that the four guilt factors all loaded onto one second-order factor and the three shame factors all loaded onto another second-order factor. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability were strong. Construct validity was established. Next, United Methodist clergy completed measure by pen and paper or online.
Overall the data demonstrate that higher shame, both in ministry situations and in secular situations, was significantly associated with higher negative affect among seminarians and less satisfaction and more emotional exhaustion in ministry among clergy. Contrary to expectations, seminarians and clergy were not more prone to ministry shame nor was ministry shame more strongly associated with clergy burnout than was general proneness to shame.
Item Open Access In Defense of Shame: An Ethical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspective(2019-12) Wilson, Shane TaylorThis dynamic work explores shame and other moral emotions from a multidisciplinary perspective. Shame has long been perceived as a negative emotion, not unlike anger, and critics therefore push to minimize or banish it. This work starts off by defining and outlining a vocabulary for shame and moves into a re-articulation and analysis of many different conceptions of the shame emotion throughout time, notably those laid out by ancient Chinese philosophers Mengzi and Kongzi as well as ancient Greek conceptions. Following this foundation, more modern perceptions of shame and the shame family of emotions are discussed. Much effort is devoted to differentiating shame from guilt, a distinction which philosophers have been wrestling with for some time in the contemporary rhetoric. Additional themes explored within are Eastern to Western cross-cultural comparison of moral emotion and the corresponding socialization of second-level emotions in young children. Psychological study of these phenomena and the hurdles faced in the traditional study of these complex emotions are also pervasive topics throughout. The psychological and behavioral explanations of shame discussed offer adaptive explanations for why shame may have evolved, and tangible benefits to the individual and community alike for cultivating a proper sense of shame.Item Open Access The development and psychometric properties of the HIV and Abuse Related Shame Inventory (HARSI).(AIDS Behav, 2012-05) Neufeld, Sharon AS; Sikkema, Kathleen J; Lee, Rachel S; Kochman, Arlene; Hansen, Nathan BShame has been shown to predict sexual HIV transmission risk behavior, medication non-adherence, symptomatic HIV or AIDS, and symptoms of depression and PTSD. However, there remains a dearth of tools to measure the specific constructs of HIV-related and sexual abuse-related shame. To ameliorate this gap, we present a 31-item measure that assesses HIV and sexual abuse-related shame, and the impact of shame on HIV-related health behaviors. A diverse sample of 271 HIV-positive men and women who were sexually abused as children completed the HIV and Abuse Related Shame Inventory (HARSI) among other measures. An exploratory factor analysis supported the retention of three-factors, explaining 56.7% of the sample variance. These internally consistent factors showed good test-retest reliability, and sound convergent and divergent validity using eight well-established HIV specific and general psychosocial criterion measures. Unlike stigma or discrimination, shame is potentially alterable through individually-focused interventions, making the measurement of shame clinically meaningful.Item Open Access The impact of shame on health-related quality of life among HIV-positive adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse.(AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2010-09) Persons, Elizabeth; Kershaw, Trace; Sikkema, Kathleen J; Hansen, Nathan BChildhood sexual abuse is prevalent among people living with HIV, and the experience of shame is a common consequence of childhood sexual abuse and HIV infection. This study examined the role of shame in health-related quality of life among HIV-positive adults who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. Data from 247 HIV-infected adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse were analyzed. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to assess the impact of shame regarding both sexual abuse and HIV infection, while controlling for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. In bivariate analyses, shame regarding sexual abuse and HIV infection were each negatively associated with health-related quality of life and its components (physical well-being, function and global well-being, emotional and social well-being, and cognitive functioning). After controlling for demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, HIV-related, but not sexual abuse-related, shame remained a significant predictor of reduced health-related quality of life, explaining up to 10% of the variance in multivariable models for overall health-related quality of life, emotional, function and global, and social well-being and cognitive functioning over and above that of other variables entered into the model. Additionally, HIV symptoms, perceived stress, and perceived availability of social support were associated with health-related quality of life in multivariable models. Shame is an important and modifiable predictor of health-related quality of life in HIV-positive populations, and medical and mental health providers serving HIV-infected populations should be aware of the importance of shame and its impact on the well-being of their patients.Item Open Access The Psychology of Shame: A Resilience Seminar for Medical Students.(MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources, 2020-12-24) Bynum, William E; Uijtdehaage, Sebastian; Artino, Anthony R; Fox, James WIntroduction
Shame is a powerful emotion that can cause emotional distress, impaired empathy, social isolation, and unprofessional behavior in medical learners. However, interventions to help learners constructively engage with shame are rare. This module educated medical students about shame, guided them through an exploration of their shame experiences, and facilitated development of shame resilience.Methods
In this 2-hour workshop, clinical-year medical students were guided through the psychology of shame through didactic slides. Next, a small panel of volunteer students, recruited and coached prior to the workshop, shared reflections on the content, including their shame experiences during medical school. This was followed by didactic slides outlining strategies to promote shame resilience. Participants then broke into faculty-led small groups to discuss session content. The module included a small-group facilitator guide for leading discussions on shame, didactic slides, discussion prompts, an evaluation tool, and a film entitled The Shame Conversation that was created after the initial workshop.Results
A retrospective pre/postsurvey revealed statistically significant increases in: (1) importance ascribed to identifying shame in one's self or colleagues, (2) confidence in one's ability to recover from a shame reaction, and (3) comfort in reaching out to others when shame occurs. Analysis of open-ended questions showed that students felt the seminar would enhance future resilience by helping them identify and normalize shame, distinguish shame from guilt, and reach out to others for help.Discussion
This workshop appears to prepare students to more constructively engage with shame when it occurs in medical training.