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Land Use Planning in Maui, Hawaii, to Prevent Sedimentation of Fringing Coral Reefs

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Date
2011-04-28
Author
Crane, Kathryn
Advisor
Orbach, Michael
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Abstract
One of the greatest threats to coral reefs of the Hawaiian Islands is sedimentation from land-based sources. Sedimentation occurs when runoff from storm events carries terrigenous sediments into the marine environment. Once in the marine environment it increases turbidity and eventually settles onto the coral, effectively smothering it. The severity of sedimentation depends on the type of sediment, the sediment load, and the residence time of the sediment. Land use that results in exposed soil, such as development, causes an increase in sedimentation. Because sedimentation begins on land, the policies addressing it must also be focused on the land. Current land use policy in Maui does not effectively address sedimentation, as it only tries to minimize the total sediment load. Land use policy does not address residence time of the sediment. Residence time is limited by wave exposure. Where wave exposure is higher, sediment is removed faster, thus having less impact on the coral. In order to effectively limit the impact of sedimentation, there must be spatially explicit land use regulations that require sediment filtration, density restriction, increased limits to total exposed soil, impervious surface restrictions, while encouraging habitat restoration and open space preservation, in areas where wave exposure is low. To better understand spatial and temporal variations in wave exposure in Maui, I created a GIS-based model of nearshore wave exposure. Using a model such as the one described here to identify critical areas that are more susceptible to sedimentation could result in more effective management of Maui’s reefs.
Type
Master's project
Department
Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
Subject
Sedimentation
Coral Reefs
GIS
Wave Exposure
Maui, Hawaii
Land Use Planning
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/3626
Citation
Crane, Kathryn (2011). Land Use Planning in Maui, Hawaii, to Prevent Sedimentation of Fringing Coral Reefs. Master's project, Duke University. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/3626.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.

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