dc.contributor.author	Chen, Yuan
dc.contributor.author	Litvintseva, Anastasia P
dc.contributor.author	Frazzitta, Aubrey E
dc.contributor.author	Haverkamp, Miriam R
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Liuyang
dc.contributor.author	Fang, Charles
dc.contributor.author	Muthoga, Charles
dc.contributor.author	Mitchell, Thomas G
dc.contributor.author	Perfect, John R
dc.coverage.spatial	England
dc.date.accessioned	2015-12-03T18:56:23Z
dc.date.issued	2015-07
dc.description.abstract	Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (Cng) is the most common cause of fungal meningitis, and its prevalence is highest in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients become infected by inhaling airborne spores or desiccated yeast cells from the environment, where the fungus thrives in avian droppings, trees and soil. To investigate the prevalence and population structure of Cng in southern Africa, we analysed isolates from 77 environmental samples and 64 patients. We detected significant genetic diversity among isolates and strong evidence of geographic structure at the local level. High proportions of isolates with the rare MATa allele were observed in both clinical and environmental isolates; however, the mating-type alleles were unevenly distributed among different subpopulations. Nearly equal proportions of the MATa and MATα mating types were observed among all clinical isolates and in one environmental subpopulation from the eastern part of Botswana. As previously reported, there was evidence of both clonality and recombination in different geographic areas. These results provide a foundation for subsequent genomewide association studies to identify genes and genotypes linked to pathogenicity in humans.
dc.identifier	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053414
dc.identifier.eissn	1365-294X
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10161/11053
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Wiley
dc.relation.ispartof	Mol Ecol
dc.relation.isversionof	10.1111/mec.13260
dc.subject	Cryptococcus neoformans
dc.subject	genotyping
dc.subject	population structure
dc.subject	recombination
dc.subject	Alleles
dc.subject	Botswana
dc.subject	Cryptococcosis
dc.subject	Cryptococcus neoformans
dc.subject	DNA, Fungal
dc.subject	Environment
dc.subject	Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
dc.subject	Genetic Variation
dc.subject	Genetics, Population
dc.subject	Geography
dc.subject	Humans
dc.subject	Molecular Sequence Data
dc.subject	Multilocus Sequence Typing
dc.subject	Sequence Analysis, DNA
dc.subject	Trees
dc.title	Comparative analyses of clinical and environmental populations of Cryptococcus neoformans in Botswana.
dc.type	Journal article
duke.contributor.orcid	Wang, Liuyang\|0000-0001-9556-2361
duke.contributor.orcid	Perfect, John R\|0000-0002-6606-9460\|0000-0003-3465-5518
pubs.author-url	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26053414
pubs.begin-page	3559
pubs.end-page	3571
pubs.issue	14
pubs.organisational-group	Basic Science Departments
pubs.organisational-group	Clinical Science Departments
pubs.organisational-group	Duke
pubs.organisational-group	Medicine
pubs.organisational-group	Medicine, Infectious Diseases
pubs.organisational-group	Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
pubs.organisational-group	School of Medicine
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	24

Comparative analyses of clinical and environmental populations of Cryptococcus neoformans in Botswana.

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