HPV Vaccine Acceptance and Willingness to Pay Among Male College Students in China: A Mixed Methods Study

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection linked to many types of cancers and illnesses in men and women. While HPV vaccination is frequently recommended for women, there has been little research on male attitudes, understanding, and willingness to pay (WTP) for the vaccine, particularly in China. The purpose of this study is to analyze Chinese male college students' knowledge, perceptions, and willingness to pay for the HPV vaccine in order to identify key influencing factors and barriers. Method: This study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach that included both focus group discussions and a quantitative survey carried out at five Chinese colleges. The survey collected demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral data from 1540 male college students in five specific universities, while focus group discussions explored students' perceptions in depth. Data were evaluated using logistic regression to determine the factors that influence vaccination willingness and WTP. Transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analytic approach.Results: The majority of students (80.4%) stated willingness to get the HPV vaccination stating self-protection and partner’s safety as primary motivators. However, cost of vaccination and social stigma toward HPV vaccination behavior were barriers of receiving the vaccination. WTP for HPV vaccines remained relatively low, with an average of 1113 CNY.Conclusions: Despite relatively high vaccine acceptability, the cost of vaccination and gender-related stigma reduce immunization willingness among male students in China. Future studies should look at longitudinal vaccination trends and policy interventions to increase male HPV vaccination rates.