Unfolding Structure Formation in the Dark Universe via Weak Gravitational Lensing: from Pixels to Cosmology in the Dark Energy Survey and Roman Space Telescope

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2024

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Abstract

Weak gravitational lensing (a deflection of light from distant galaxies due to the gravitational potential of intervening mass, WL in short) is one of the most exciting probes in cosmology as it is sensitive both to the growth of the large-scale structure and the expansion history of the Universe. We can measure the coherent distortion of galaxy shapes (which we call cosmic shear) and infer the matter distribution. With next-generation imaging surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (Rubin LSST) and the Nancy G. Roman Space Telescope (Roman), there is immense new promise in understanding the fundamental nature of dark matter and dark energy. With current data like the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we see apparent cosmological tensions between experiments that may either be real and indicate new physics, or new systematics we do not yet understand. LSST and Roman will increase the number of galaxies we have observed by an order of magnitude, leading to improved constraints on our cosmological model by up to 300%. These experiments will have the potential to prove if these cosmological tensions are real. However, our control of systematic uncertainties must also improve by similar levels to achieve the promise of what these missions can deliver.To achieve these scientific outcomes, the challenges of determining galaxy shapes and redshifts and modeling the impact of astrophysical effects must be solved. My PhD has focused on enabling WL science in DES and Roman. I co-led the shear analysis team in DES to produce the largest WL galaxy sample, as well as the final DES cosmological analysis of cosmic shear. For Roman, I have led two papers achieving shear-related systematics with image simulations.

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Yamamoto, Masaya (2024). Unfolding Structure Formation in the Dark Universe via Weak Gravitational Lensing: from Pixels to Cosmology in the Dark Energy Survey and Roman Space Telescope. Dissertation, Duke University. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/31923.

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