Aging and Mental Health in Two Chinese Communities: The Impact of Relocation

Abstract

Background: Population aging and rural urbanization were two major trends in China. Past researches had shown that relocation and displacement could have a negative impact on the mental health of senior adults. Land expropriation and increasing rural migration due to China's urbanization process had created a growing but understudied group of "landless farmers." This study explored the impact of relocation from rural villages urban resettlement on the mental health of older adults in China in terms of depression.Method: The mixed-method study collected survey data from 219 adults aged ≥60 years in one relocated village (Zhangjia) and one non-relocated village (Xicheng) in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China. Mental health measures included the Geriatric Depression Scale. Semi-structured interviews with 10 relocated older residents provided qualitative data. Quantitative analyses examined differences in social networks, amenities, and levels of depression between groups. Logistic regression analyzed predictors of depressive symptoms. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Result: No significant difference in depression was found between the two communities, but the social network scores of older adults in the resettlement community were significantly lower than those in the original village. Poor living facilities were associated with a higher rate of depression in both communities. In addition, a good social network was an important protective factor against depression in the relocated population. Qualitative findings revealed feelings of boredom, reduced social interaction, and changes in family relationships following the move. In summary, quantitative and qualitative data suggested that the disruption of living habits and isolation caused by relocation may have a negative impact on the mental health of older adults in rural China. Discussion: Quantitative and qualitative data suggested that the disruption of living habits and isolation caused by relocation may have a negative impact on the mental health of older adults in rural China. Conclusion: The study emphasized the need for targeted interventions to support mental well-being in this vulnerable population undergoing relocation.