Assessing Equity in the U.S. Shellfish Aquaculture Industry

Abstract

Shellfish aquaculture is a rapidly expanding industry in the U.S., promoted for its environmental and economic benefits. However, the industry’s growth raises concerns about access and inclusion, particularly regarding lease ownership and demographic representation. Using document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this study explores the availability of demographic data, barriers to entry for underrepresented groups and the role of procedural equity in permitting processes. Findings indicate a widespread lack of demographic tracking, limiting assessments of industry accessibility, and identify regulatory complexity, capital constraints and citizenship requirements as additional entrant hurdles. Public opposition and lack of early exposure to marine work further compound barriers to participation for prospective growers. Despite these challenges, cooperative models, policy reforms, and targeted outreach programs offer pathways for a more inclusive industry. This research contributes to growing discussions on equity in aquaculture, highlighting structural barriers and opportunities for reform.