A Framework for Incorporating Water Efficiency into State-Level Climate Change Adaptation Planning

Abstract

Anticipated climate change impacts such as frequent droughts, snowpack loss and changes in runoff timing may affect water supply availability for municipal uses. Urban water efficiency builds resiliency by improving supply reliability, watershed protection, and flood management. State governments are increasingly conducting climate change adaptation planning and addressing water resource challenges. This study reviews policies and plans across all states and develops case studies on three states to assess the inclusion of water efficiency in state-level adaptation planning. Results show that half of states have addressed water efficiency, with variability in targets, implementation, and enforcement approaches. Going further, semi-structured interviews were conducted to provide recommendations for how states can effectively advance water efficiency for resiliency.