Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications for the evolution of primate positional behavior.

dc.contributor.author

Yapuncich, Gabriel S

dc.contributor.author

Seiffert, Erik R

dc.contributor.author

Boyer, Doug M

dc.date.accessioned

2019-02-26T16:56:32Z

dc.date.available

2019-02-26T16:56:32Z

dc.date.issued

2017-06

dc.date.updated

2019-02-26T16:56:30Z

dc.description.abstract

On the talus, the position and depth of the groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon have been used to infer phylogenetic affinities and positional behaviors of fossil primates. This study quantifies aspects of the flexor hallucis longus groove (FHLG) to test if: (1) a lateral FHLG is a derived strepsirrhine feature, (2) a lateral FHLG reflects inverted and abducted foot postures, and (3) a deeper FHLG indicates a larger muscle.We used linear measurements of microCT-generated models from a sample of euarchontans (n = 378 specimens, 125 species) to quantify FHLG position and depth. Data are analyzed with ANOVA, Ordinary and Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares, and Bayesian Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR).Extant strepsirrhines, adapiforms, plesiadapiforms, dermopterans, and Ptilocercus exhibit lateral FHLGs. Extant anthropoids, subfossil lemurs, and Tupaia have medial FHLGs. FHLGs of omomyiforms and basal fossil anthropoids are intermediate between those of strepsirrhines and extant anthropoids. FHLG position has few correlations with pedal inversion features. Relative FHLG depth is not significantly correlated with body mass. ASRs support a directional model for FHLG position and a random walk model for FHLG depth.The prevalence of lateral FHLGs in many non-euprimates suggests a lateral FHLG is not a derived strepsirrhine feature. The lack of correlations with pedal inversion features suggests a lateral FHLG is not a sufficient indicator of strepsirrhine-like foot postures. Instead, a lateral FHLG may reduce the risk of tendon displacement in abducted foot postures on large diameter supports. A deep FHLG does not indicate a larger muscle, but likely reduces bowstringing during plantarflexion.

dc.identifier.issn

0002-9483

dc.identifier.issn

1096-8644

dc.identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/10161/18077

dc.language

eng

dc.publisher

Wiley

dc.relation.ispartof

American journal of physical anthropology

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10.1002/ajpa.23213

dc.subject

Talus

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Fibula

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Animals

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Primates

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Humans

dc.subject

Phylogeny

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Fossils

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History, Ancient

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Female

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Male

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Biological Evolution

dc.title

Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications for the evolution of primate positional behavior.

dc.type

Journal article

duke.contributor.orcid

Yapuncich, Gabriel S|0000-0001-7371-5857

pubs.begin-page

367

pubs.end-page

406

pubs.issue

2

pubs.organisational-group

Trinity College of Arts & Sciences

pubs.organisational-group

Duke

pubs.organisational-group

Evolutionary Anthropology

pubs.organisational-group

Staff

pubs.publication-status

Published

pubs.volume

163

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