Leishmania braziliensis Subverts Necroptosis by Modulating RIPK3 Expression.
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2018-01
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Abstract
Leishmania braziliensis infection causes skin ulcers, typically found in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). This tissue pathology associates with different modalities of cell necrosis, which are subverted by the parasite as a survival strategy. Herein we examined the participation of necroptosis, a specific form of programmed necrosis, in LCL lesions and found reduced RIPK3 and PGAM5 gene expression compared to normal skin. Assays using infected macrophages demonstrated that the parasite deactivates both RIPK3 and MLKL expression and that these molecules are important to control the intracellular L. braziliensis replication. Thus, LCL-related necroptosis may be targeted to control infection and disease immunopathology.
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Luz, Nivea F, Ricardo Khouri, Johan Van Weyenbergh, Dalila L Zanette, Paloma P Fiuza, Almerio Noronha, Aldina Barral, Viviane S Boaventura, et al. (2018). Leishmania braziliensis Subverts Necroptosis by Modulating RIPK3 Expression. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. p. 2283. 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02283 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/17637.
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Scholars@Duke
Francis Ka-Ming Chan
Our lab is interested in how cell death impacts innate inflammation and immune responses. We have a long-standing interest in the biology and signaling mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a key cytokine that regulates many inflammatory diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases etc), pathogen infections, and cancer. Several key discoveries made by the PI during his graduate school and postdoctoral training include identification of one of the first cell cycle inhibitors, INK4d-p19 (Mol Cell Biol. 1995, cited over 300 times), and the discovery of the "pre-ligand assembly domain (PLAD)" that mediates TNF receptors signal transduction (Science 2000, cited over 800 times).
In recent years, we have focused our effort on elucidating the signaling mechanism of a novel form of inflammatory cell death termed necroptosis. In 2009, our group identified Receptor Interacting Protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) as a central mediator of necroptosis (Cell, 2009, cited over 1000 times). Current projects include (1) deciphering the signaling mechanisms of necroptosis, (2) interrogation of the biology of RIPK3 and related necroptosis signaling molecules in intestinal wound healing and inflammation, (3) elucidation of the role of necroptosis in pathogen infections, and many others.
We aim to take the knowledge we gain from basic pathway discovery to better understand the principles of immune regulation. We believe our endeavor will pave the way for more efficacious therapeutic intervention in auto-inflammatory diseases, cancers and pathogen infections.Current research projects in the lab include the following broad areas. Interested students and postdoctoral candidates are encouraged to contact Dr. Chan for more information on rotation projects and research opportunities.
1. The role of necroptosis signal adaptors in inflammatory diseases
We are interested in how the kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, both of which have critical functions in cell death, contribute to injury-induced inflammation and tissue repair. Currently, we are using mouse models of intestinal injury and inflammation to study the function of these signal adaptors in intestinal homeostasis.
2. The role of cell death in anti-viral immune responses
We have discovered that necroptosis is an important innate immune defense mechanism against certain viruses. We are interested in how host cell death during pathogen infections can alter the course of the host immune response. On the other hand, we are also interested in exploring the mechanisms employed by different viral pathogens in combating the host cell death machinery.
3. Signaling mechanism of RIP kinases in cell death and inflammation
We found that the RIP kinases can promote inflammation through cell death-dependent and independent mechanisms. What are the molecular events that regulate the diverse functions of the RIP kinases? We are using biochemical, cell biological, and genetic tools to dissect the molecular regulation of these important immune signaling molecules.
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