The Impact of Racial Bias in Patient Care and Medical Education: Let's Focus on the Educator.
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2021-01
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Abstract
Introduction
Racial bias in health care is well documented. Research shows the presence of racial bias among health care providers. There is a paucity of workshops focused on racial bias effects in health professions educators.Method
Two to three workshops were delivered to a diverse group of clinical educators from three programs at a major academic institution. Each workshop included a brief multimedia presentation followed by a facilitated group discussion. Participants completed the online Implicit Association Test (IAT), a baseline demographic questionnaire, and a brief post-then-pre questionnaire.Results
Twenty-four faculty participated in the study (six physicians, eight nurse practitioners, 10 physician assistants). Nineteen (90%) were women, 18 (86%) were White, nine (43%) had more than 10 years of experience as educators, and seven (35%) had previously participated in a biases program. Seventeen completed the IAT. Sixteen educators agreed or strongly agreed that bias has a significant impact on patients' outcomes at the end of the workshop compared to 17 before the workshop. Seventeen educators agreed or strongly agreed that recognizing their own racial bias would positively alter their teaching practice after the workshop compared to 15 before the workshop.Discussion
This series of workshops was created to fill a gap regarding the impact of racial bias on patient outcomes, health disparities, and health professions education. The impact of racial bias in health professions education and the long-term impact of awareness and knowledge of racial bias in education are areas needing further evaluation.Type
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Corsino, Leonor, Kenyon Railey, Katherine Brooks, Daniel Ostrovsky, Sandro O Pinheiro, Alyson McGhan-Johnson and Blanca Iris Padilla (2021). The Impact of Racial Bias in Patient Care and Medical Education: Let's Focus on the Educator. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources, 17. p. 11183. 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11183 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/23867.
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Leonor Corsino
Dr. Leonor Corsino is a Board- Certified Adult Endocrinologist, an experienced physician-scientist, and an organizational and health professional education leader. She offers an extensive and diverse leadership background with successfully implementing innovative clinical, research, and workforce development and education programs. Her expertise and strengths lie in her diverse portfolio that expands from basic science to clinical and community-engaged research, innovative curriculum development, successful clinical program implementation, and collaborations.
Dr. Corsino's research focuses on diabetes, obesity, and related complications and health disparities, with a particular interest in Hispanic/Latino populations. She has successfully led and extensively collaborated with investigators locally, nationally, and internationally. Her research and contribution have been recognized locally and nationally with many awards, including the NIH/NIDDK Network of Minority Health Research Investigators medallion.
Dr. Corsino has extensive leadership experience, including her current roles as a member of the Executive Committee Member and Associate Director of the Duke School of Medicine Masters of Biomedical Sciences (MBS), Co-Director for the Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute - Community Engagement Core / Community-Engaged Research Initiative (CERI) and Associate Dean for Students Affairs/Advisory Dean Duke School of Medicine MD program.
She is the former Co-Director, Education and Training Sub-core of the Duke Center for REsearch to AdvanCe Healthcare Equity, Director of the Duke Population Health Improvement Initiative Program, Associate Chair for the Department of Medicine Minority Recruitment and Retention Committee, and Associate Director for the Duke School of Medicine Office of Faculty Mentoring Training.
Dr. Corsino's leadership led to the successful development and implementation of unique and innovative programs, including the Duke MBS program selective curriculum, the REACH Equity Summer Undergraduate Research Program, the CTSI/CERI Population Health Improvement Award, E-library, consultation services, and the interactive platform for the Duke Population Health Improvement Program.
Her visionary and innovative initiatives have enhanced patient care, population health, and the recruitment, training, development, and support of health professions students, residents, fellows, and junior faculty, having a significant, palpable, impact on the diversity of health profession workforce and health disparities research.

Kenyon Michael Railey
Dr. Kenyon Michael Railey, MD currently serves as Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine & Community Health and the Medical Director of the Physician Assistant Program. He also serves as the inaugural Vice Chair of Equity, Diversity & Inclusion for the Department of Community & Family Medicine and Course Director for the Cultural Determinants of health & Health Disparities (CDHD) curriculum in the School of Medicine MD Program. This is the first ever required and longitudinal course in the MD program for first year medical students which focuses on sociocultural determinants of health and wellness. Dr. Railey has lectured both locally and nationally on a variety of topics including healthcare disparities, cultural competency, bias, and fostering supportive environments for underrepresented medical learners. He has a particular interest in the integration of culturally competent care in personal practice and learner curriculum in addition to interprofessional collaboration initiatives.

Daniel Allen Ostrovsky
Resident Education
Clinical medicine and pediatric primary care
Information Technology
Coding and Billing

Sandro Pinheiro de Oliveira
Dr. Pinheiro directs faculty development activities for clinical and basic science faculty, designs medical and interprofessional education curricula, coaches/mentors medical faculty and fellows, and conducts evaluation and research in medical and interprofessional education. His educational competencies are in the areas of adult learning, instructional strategies, active learning, curriculum design and evaluation, and qualitative inquiry. His research activities focus on medical and interprofessional education and the assessment of change in the teaching practice of clinical instructors.
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