Predicting development of severe clinically relevant distal junctional kyphosis following adult cervical deformity surgery, with further distinction from mild asymptomatic episodes.

dc.contributor.author

Passias, Peter G

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Naessig, Sara

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Kummer, Nicholas

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Passfall, Lara

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Lafage, Renaud

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Lafage, Virginie

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Line, Breton

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Diebo, Bassel G

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Protopsaltis, Themistocles

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Kim, Han Jo

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Eastlack, Robert

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Soroceanu, Alex

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Klineberg, Eric O

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Hart, Robert A

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Burton, Douglas

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Bess, Shay

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Schwab, Frank

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Shaffrey, Christopher I

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Smith, Justin S

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Ames, Christopher P

dc.date.accessioned

2023-06-16T16:01:13Z

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2023-06-16T16:01:13Z

dc.date.issued

2021-12

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2023-06-16T16:01:12Z

dc.description.abstract

OBJECTIVE:This retrospective cohort study aimed to develop a formal predictive model distinguishing between symptomatic and asymptomatic distal junctional kyphosis (DJK). In this study the authors identified a DJK rate of 32.2%. Predictive models were created that can be used with high reliability to help distinguish between severe symptomatic DJK and mild asymptomatic DJK through the use of surgical factors, radiographic parameters, and patient variables. METHODS:Patients with cervical deformity (CD) were stratified into asymptomatic and symptomatic DJK groups. Symptomatic: 1) DJK angle (DJKA) > 10° and either reoperation due to DJK or > 1 new-onset neurological sequela related to DJK; or 2) either a DJKA > 20° or ∆DJKA > 20°. Asymptomatic: ∆DJK > 10° in the absence of neurological sequelae. Stepwise logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with these types of DJK. Decision tree analysis established cutoffs. RESULTS:A total of 99 patients with CD were included, with 32.2% developing DJK (34.3% asymptomatic, 65.7% symptomatic). A total of 37.5% of asymptomatic patients received a reoperation versus 62.5% symptomatic patients. Multivariate analysis identified independent baseline factors for developing symptomatic DJK as follows: pelvic incidence (OR 1.02); preoperative cervical flexibility (OR 1.04); and combined approach (OR 6.2). Having abnormal hyperkyphosis in the thoracic spine, more so than abnormal cervical lordosis, was a factor for developing symptomatic disease when analyzed against asymptomatic patients (OR 1.2). Predictive modeling identified factors that were predictive of symptomatic versus no DJK, as follows: myelopathy (modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score 12-14); combined approach; uppermost instrumented vertebra C3 or C4; preoperative hypermobility; and > 7 levels fused (area under the curve 0.89). A predictive model for symptomatic versus asymptomatic disease (area under the curve 0.85) included being frail, T1 slope minus cervical lordosis > 20°, and a pelvic incidence > 46.3°. Controlling for baseline deformity and disability, symptomatic patients had a greater cervical sagittal vertical axis (4-8 cm: 47.6% vs 27%) and were more malaligned according to their Scoliosis Research Society sagittal vertical axis measurement (OR 0.1) than patients without DJK at 1 year (all p < 0.05). Despite their symptomatology and higher reoperation rate, outcomes equilibrated in the symptomatic cohort at 1 year following revision. CONCLUSIONS:Overall, 32.2% of patients with CD suffered from DJK. Symptomatic DJK can be predicted with high reliability. It can be further distinguished from asymptomatic occurrences by taking into account pelvic incidence and baseline cervicothoracic deformity severity.

dc.identifier

2021.8.SPINE21533

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1547-5654

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1547-5646

dc.identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/10161/28058

dc.language

eng

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Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)

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Journal of neurosurgery. Spine

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10.3171/2021.8.spine21533

dc.subject

CD

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DJK

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cervical deformity

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distal junctional kyphosis

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pelvic incidence

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predictive model

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radiographic parameters

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surgical factors

dc.title

Predicting development of severe clinically relevant distal junctional kyphosis following adult cervical deformity surgery, with further distinction from mild asymptomatic episodes.

dc.type

Journal article

duke.contributor.orcid

Passias, Peter G|0000-0002-1479-4070|0000-0003-2635-2226

duke.contributor.orcid

Shaffrey, Christopher I|0000-0001-9760-8386

pubs.begin-page

1

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8

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6

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Duke

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School of Medicine

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Clinical Science Departments

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Orthopaedic Surgery

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Neurosurgery

pubs.publication-status

Published

pubs.volume

36

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