To Be or Not To Be a Testis.

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2019-07

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Abstract

Work that established the testis as the driver of male development, and the Y-chromosome as the bearer of the male-determining gene, established a working model, and set the stage for the molecular age of mammalian sex determination. The discovery and characterization of Sry/SRY at the top of the hierarchy in mammals launched the field in two major directions. The first was to identify the downstream transcription factors and other molecular players that drive the bifurcation of Sertoli and granulosa cell differentiation. The second major direction was to understand organogenesis of the early bipotential gonad, and how divergence of its two distinct morphogenetic pathways (testis and ovary) is regulated at the cellular level. This review will summarize the early discoveries soon after Sry was identified, and focus on my study of the gonad as a model of organogenesis.

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10.1530/rep-19-0151

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Capel, Blanche (2019). To Be or Not To Be a Testis. Reproduction (Cambridge, England). 10.1530/rep-19-0151 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/19386.

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Capel

Blanche Capel

James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology

In mammals, the primary step in male sex determination is the initiation of testis development in the bipotential gonad primordium. This step depends on the Y-linked male sex-determining gene, Sry. Expression of Sry in the XY gonad, or as a transgene in an XX gonad, leads to the differentiation of Sertoli cells. Failures in Sertoli cell differentiation in the XY gonad result in sex reversal and ovary formation. We are also interested in the biology of germ cells -- the cells that give rise to eggs and sperm. I have had a longstanding interest in the communication between Sertoli cells and germ cells in fetal life and afterwards, once the seminiferous epithelium is established. In adult life, each Sertoli cell communicates with germ cells at multiple stages of development from spermatogonial stem cells located at their base to elongated spermatids, released at their apical surface. How can Sertoli cells direct specific information to each of the germ cells wedged between their cell membranes? This problem previously seemed unapproachable, because it was so difficult to figure out where to anchor the analysis, and the cost of transgenics seemed prohibitive. However, recently we have been collaborating with a colleague in my department (Scott Soderling) who has designed an AAV system to deliver CRISPR and tag genetic loci in vivo with BioID for proximity protein labeling.  We found that we can deliver the backbone AAV to Sertoli cell within seminiferous tubules with high efficiency by injection into the rete testis.  Combining expertise of our labs provides an opportunity to do a similar analysis in Sertoli cells with the goal of identifying localized communication between Sertoli cells and the germ cells they support.


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