The paradox of openness revisited: Collaborative innovation and patenting by UK innovators
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2016-09-01
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© 2016 The Authors.We revisit the "paradox of openness" in the literature which consists of two conflicting views on the link between patenting and open innovation - the spillover prevention and the organizational openness views. We use the data from the Survey of Innovation and Patent Use and the Community Innovation Survey (CIS6) in the UK to assess the empirical support for the distinct predictions of these theories. We argue that both patenting and external sourcing (openness) are jointly-determined decisions made by firms. Their relationship is contingent upon whether the firms are technically superior to their rivals and lead in the market or not. Leading firms are more vulnerable to unintended knowledge spillovers during collaboration as compared to followers, and consequently, the increase in patenting due to openness is higher for leaders than for followers. We develop a simple framework that allows us to formally derive the empirical implications of this hypothesis and test it by estimating whether the reduced form relationship between patenting and collaboration is stronger for leaders than for followers.
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Arora, A, S Athreye and C Huang (2016). The paradox of openness revisited: Collaborative innovation and patenting by UK innovators. Research Policy, 45(7). pp. 1352–1361. 10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.019 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/11528.
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Ashish Arora
Ashish Arora is the Senior Associate Dean for Strategy and Rex D. Adams Professor of Business Administration at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University.
His research focuses on the economics of technology and technical change. Arora's research has included the study of technology intensive industries such as software, biotechnology and chemicals, the economics of information security, and the role of patents and licensing in promoting technology startups. He has studied the rise of the software industry and the pharmaceutical industry in emerging economies. His current research focuses on the management of intellectual property and licensing in corporations, and innovation based entrepreneurship.
Arora has taught a variety of courses, including Economics of Information Security and Risk Management. He currently teaches Entrepreneurial Strategy for Innovation Based Ventures, and Emerging Markets Strategy.
He serves as departmental editor, Management Science, served as an editor of Research Policy between 2008 - 2014, and is on the editorial board of Strategic Management Journal, Research Policy, Industrial and Corporate Change, Information Economics and Policy, Journal of Evolutionary Economics. In the past, he has served on advisory panels to the Secretary of Commerce, the National Academy of Sciences, and The Association for Computing Machinery.
He has consulted to the Chemical Manufacturing Association, National Science Foundation, Chemical Heritage Foundation, Intellectual Ventures, UK Intellectual Property Office, the Brattle Group, Intel Capital and Tata Consultancy Services, and to startups including SCA Technologies, Upswing (advisory board), Wunderbar Kids (advisory board).
Arora received his Ph.D. in Economics from Stanford University in 1992, and was on the faculty at the Heinz School, Carnegie Mellon University, where he held the H. John Heinz Professorship, till 2009. He has served as a visiting professor at Scuola Santa Anna, Pisa, Bocconi University, Milan, and Indian School of Business, Hyderabad.
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