The Gut/Lung Microbiome Axis in Obesity, Asthma, and Bariatric Surgery: A Literature Review.
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2021-04
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Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that obesity, parameters of metabolic syndrome, and asthma are significantly associated. Interestingly, these conditions are also associated with microbiome dysbiosis, notably in the airway microbiome for patients with asthma and in the gut microbiome for patients with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome. Considering that improvements in asthma control, lung function, and airway hyperresponsiveness are often reported after bariatric surgery, this review investigated the potential role of bacterial gut and airway microbiome changes after bariatric surgery in ameliorating asthma symptoms. Rapid and persistent gut microbiota alterations were reported following surgery, some of which can be sustained for years. The gut microbiome is thought to modulate airway cellular responses via short-chain fatty acids and inflammatory mediators, such that increased propionate and butyrate levels following surgery may aid in reducing asthma symptoms. In addition, increased prevalence of Akkermansia muciniphila after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy may confer protection against airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. Metabolic syndrome parameters also improved following bariatric surgery, and whether weight-loss-independent metabolic changes affect airway processes and asthma pathobiology merits further research. Fulfilling knowledge gaps outlined in this review could facilitate the development of new therapeutic options for patients with obesity and asthma.
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Kim, Yeon Ji, Jack T Womble, Claudia K Gunsch and Jennifer L Ingram (2021). The Gut/Lung Microbiome Axis in Obesity, Asthma, and Bariatric Surgery: A Literature Review. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 29(4). pp. 636–644. 10.1002/oby.23107 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/25430.
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Claudia K. Gunsch
Claudia Gunsch is a Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and holds secondary appointments in the Nicholas School of the Environment and the Department of Biomedical Engineering. She joined the Duke Faculty in 2004 after obtaining her PhD from the University of Texas at Austin, her MS from Clemson University and her BS from Purdue University. Currently, she serves as the Director for PreMiEr, the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Precision Microbiome Engineering which is a joint venture between Duke University, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina State University, the University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill and the University of North Carolina – Charlotte. She also serves as an Associate Director for the Duke Microbiome Center. Previous leadership roles include serving as Associate Dean for Research and Infrastructure for the Pratt School of Engineering (2021-2022), Associate Vice Provost for Faculty Advancement (2019-2021) and as the Director of IBIEM (Integrative Bioinformatics for Investigating and Engineering Microbiomes), a joint graduate training program between Duke and North Carolina A&T State University (2015-2021).
Dr. Gunsch’s research bridges environmental engineering and molecular biotechnology. Current research foci include investigating the ecological impacts of emerging contaminants on environmental microbiomes, developing microbiome engineering approaches for bioremediation, studying microbial evolution following exposure to anthropogenic contaminants and developing innovative water treatment technologies. Her work has been funded in excess of $36 million by the National Science Foundation, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Institute for Environmental Health and Safety as well as state funding agencies and private industry. Since becoming a faculty member, she has served as the primary mentor for 28 graduate students (8 MS and 20 PhD), 34 undergraduate students and 8 postdoctoral associates. She has been recognized for her research, teaching and service activities with several awards including the 2009 National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Award, 2013 Langford Lectureship Award, 2016 Capers and Marion McDonald Award for Excellence in Mentoring and Advising and the 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Walter L. Huber Civil Engineering Research Prize. Dr. Gunsch was also named ASCE Environmental & Water Resources Institute Fellow in 2022, Bass Fellow in 2016 and Fellow of the National Academy of Engineering for the United States Frontiers of Engineering in 2011 as well as the Indo-American Frontiers of Engineering in 2014.
She currently serves as Editor in Chief for Biodegradation. She is also a member of the Editorial Board for npj Clean Water and Industrial Biotechnology. She serves on the Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors (AEESP) Board of Directors and has previously held several leadership roles within the Environmental & Water Resources Institute (EWRI). Most recently, she served as the Environmental Council representative to the Technical Executive Committee to EWRI.
Jennifer Leigh Ingram
Dr. Ingram's research interests focus on the study of airway remodeling in human asthma. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of airway fibroblasts are key features of airway remodeling that contribute to diminished lung function over time. Dr. Ingram uses molecular biology approaches to define the effects of interleukin-13 (IL-13), a cytokine abundantly produced in the asthmatic airway, in the human airway fibroblast. She has identified important regulatory functions of several proteins prevalent in asthma that control fibroblast growth and pro-fibrotic growth factor production in response to IL-13. By understanding these pathways and their role in human asthma and the chronic effects of airway remodeling, novel treatment strategies may be developed.
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