Intensifying approaches to address clinical inertia among cardiovascular disease risk factors: A narrative review.
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2022-12
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Abstract
Objective
Clinical inertia, the absence of treatment initiation or intensification for patients not achieving evidence-based therapeutic goals, is a primary contributor to poor clinical outcomes. Effectively combating clinical inertia requires coordinated action on the part of multiple representatives including patients, clinicians, health systems, and the pharmaceutical industry. Despite intervention attempts by these representatives, barriers to overcoming clinical inertia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor control remain.Methods
We conducted a narrative literature review to identify individual-level and multifactorial interventions that have been successful in addressing clinical inertia.Results
Effective interventions included dynamic forms of patient and clinician education, monitoring of real-time patient data to facilitate shared decision-making, or a combination of these approaches. Based on findings, we describe three possible multi-level approaches to counter clinical inertia - a collaborative approach to clinician training, use of a population health manager, and use of electronic monitoring and reminder devices.Conclusion
To reduce clinical inertia and achieve optimal CVD risk factor control, interventions should consider the role of multiple representatives, be feasible for implementation in healthcare systems, and be flexible for an individual patient's adherence needs.Practice implications
Representatives (e.g., patients, clinicians, health systems, and the pharmaceutical industry) could consider approaches to identify and monitor non-adherence to address clinical inertia.Type
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Lewinski, Allison A, Shelley A Jazowski, Karen M Goldstein, Colette Whitney, Hayden B Bosworth and Leah L Zullig (2022). Intensifying approaches to address clinical inertia among cardiovascular disease risk factors: A narrative review. Patient education and counseling, 105(12). pp. 3381–3388. 10.1016/j.pec.2022.08.005 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/29372.
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Allison A. Lewinski
I am a health services researcher and implementation scientist with a joint appointment at the Duke University School of Nursing (DUSON) and the Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VHA). My expertise spans diabetes distress, qualitative research methods, and virtual care delivery (including telehealth and digital health).
My research examines how virtual care interventions can reduce distress, improve self-management, expand access to evidence-based care, and enhance patient and population health outcomes. I focus on patient-, provider-, and system-level factors that influence the use and effectiveness of virtual care. This work has been funded by competitive grants, published in high-impact journals, presented at national conferences, and used to inform health system decision-making. I am frequently sought by colleagues locally and nationally for expertise in diabetes distress, qualitative methods, and virtual care strategies for grants, projects, and manuscripts.
I strive to improve outcomes for individuals with chronic illness by developing equitable, sustainable virtual care solutions and evaluating their implementation. To optimize these interventions, I apply qualitative and implementation science approaches to ensure alignment among patient needs, care modalities, disease states, and social contexts. My work addresses critical questions: for whom and for what purposes are these interventions effective, in which contexts, and at what points in the care continuum. Ultimately, my research advances the implementation and adoption of virtual care to reduce psychosocial distress and improve health outcomes through patient-clinician interactions and system-level innovations.
Karen M. Goldstein
Dr. Goldstein's research interests include women's health, cardiovascular risk reduction, evidence synthesis methodology and peer support.
Hayden Barry Bosworth
Dr. Bosworth is a health services researcher and Deputy Director of the Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT) at the Durham VA Medical Center. He is also Vice Chair of Education and Professor of Population Health Sciences. He is also a Professor of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Nursing at Duke University Medical Center and Adjunct Professor in Health Policy and Administration at the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His research interests comprise three overarching areas of research: 1) clinical research that provides knowledge for improving patients’ treatment adherence and self-management in chronic care; 2) translation research to improve access to quality of care; and 3) eliminate health care disparities.
Dr. Bosworth is the recipient of an American Heart Association established investigator award, the 2013 VA Undersecretary Award for Outstanding Achievement in Health Services Research (The annual award is the highest honor for VA health services researchers), and a VA Senior Career Scientist Award. In terms of self-management, Dr. Bosworth has expertise developing interventions to improve health behaviors related to hypertension, coronary artery disease, and depression, and has been developing and implementing tailored patient interventions to reduce the burden of other chronic diseases. These trials focus on motivating individuals to initiate health behaviors and sustaining them long term and use members of the healthcare team, particularly pharmacists and nurses. He has been the Principal Investigator of over 30 trials resulting in over 400 peer reviewed publications and four books. This work has been or is being implemented in multiple arenas including Medicaid of North Carolina, private payers, The United Kingdom National Health System Direct, Kaiser Health care system, and the Veterans Affairs.
Areas of Expertise: Health Behavior, Health Services Research, Implementation Science, Health Measurement, and Health Policy
Leah L Zullig
Leah L. Zullig, PhD, MPH is a health services researcher and implementation scientist whose work focuses on accelerating the adoption of evidence-based practices to improve healthcare delivery and population health. She is a Professor in the Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences and an investigator with the Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT) at the Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
Dr. Zullig is a recognized leader in implementation science. She directs INTERACT, the Implementation Science Research Collaborative, which fosters interdisciplinary collaborations across Duke University and with external partners to accelerate the translation of research into practice. She also leads the Dissemination and Implementation Catalyst within Duke's Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program and serves as Co-Leader of the Duke Cancer Institute's Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program.
Dr. Zullig's research spans three interconnected areas: improving the quality and delivery of cancer care; advancing cancer survivorship and chronic disease management; and enhancing medication adherence. Across these domains, she applies implementation science methods to develop, evaluate, and scale evidence-based interventions that promote equitable, high-quality care across diverse healthcare settings. Her research is characterized by strong partnerships with healthcare systems, ensuring that findings extend beyond publication to inform clinical practice, health system transformation, and policy.
Dr. Zullig has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed publications and has established a national reputation for leading pragmatic, health system-embedded research that improves patient outcomes and advances the science of implementation.
Dr. Zullig earned her Bachelor of Science in Health Promotion, Master of Public Health in Public Health Administration, and PhD in Health Policy.
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