Silver toxicity across salinity gradients: the role of dissolved silver chloride species (AgCl x ) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life-stage toxicity.
Abstract
The influence of salinity on Ag toxicity was investigated in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus
heteroclitus) early life-stages. Embryo mortality was significantly reduced as salinity
increased and Ag(+) was converted to AgCl(solid). However, as salinity continued to
rise (>5 ‰), toxicity increased to a level at least as high as observed for Ag(+)
in deionized water. Rather than correlating with Ag(+), Fundulus embryo toxicity was
better explained (R(2) = 0.96) by total dissolved Ag (Ag(+), AgCl2 (-), AgCl3 (2-),
AgCl4 (3-)). Complementary experiments were conducted with medaka (Oryzias latipes)
embryos to determine if this pattern was consistent among evolutionarily divergent
euryhaline species. Contrary to Fundulus data, medaka toxicity data were best explained
by Ag(+) concentrations (R(2) = 0.94), suggesting that differing ionoregulatory physiology
may drive observed differences. Fundulus larvae were also tested, and toxicity did
increase at higher salinities, but did not track predicted silver speciation. Alternatively,
toxicity began to increase only at salinities above the isosmotic point, suggesting
that shifts in osmoregulatory strategy at higher salinities might be an important
factor. Na(+) dysregulation was confirmed as the mechanism of toxicity in Ag-exposed
Fundulus larvae at both low and high salinities. While Ag uptake was highest at low
salinities for both Fundulus embryos and larvae, uptake was not predictive of toxicity.
Type
Journal articleSubject
BioavailabilityFundulus heteroclitus
Ionoregulation
Na+ balance
Salinity
Silver
Animals
Environmental Monitoring
Fundulidae
Oryzias
Salinity
Silver
Sodium Chloride
Toxicity Tests
Water Pollutants, Chemical
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https://hdl.handle.net/10161/12415Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1007/s10646-016-1665-3Publication Info
Matson, Cole W; Bone, Audrey J; Auffan, Mélanie; Lindberg, T Ty; Arnold, Mariah C;
Hsu-Kim, Heileen; ... Di Giulio, Richard T (2016). Silver toxicity across salinity gradients: the role of dissolved silver chloride species
(AgCl x ) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes)
early life-stage toxicity. Ecotoxicology, 25(6). pp. 1105-1118. 10.1007/s10646-016-1665-3. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/12415.This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this
article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Show full item recordScholars@Duke
Richard T. Di Giulio
Research Professor of Environmental Toxicology in the Division of Environmental Science
and Policy
Dr. Di Giulio serves as Director of Duke University's Integrated Toxicology Program
and the Superfund Basic Research Center.
Dr. Di Giulio's research is concerned with basic studies of mechanisms of contaminant
metabolism, adaptation and toxicity, and with the development of mechanistically-based
indices of exposure and toxicity that can be employed in biomonitoring. The long term
goals of this research are to bridge the gap between mechanistic toxicological research
and the development of usef
Heileen Hsu-Kim
Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Professor Heileen (Helen) Hsu-Kim is an environmental engineer who specializes in
environmental aquatic chemistry and geochemistry. Her research tackles problems related
to pollutant metals and the biogeochemical processes that alter their distribution
in water, soil, and air. The applications of this work include environmental remediation
technologies, the impacts of energy production on water resources, global environmental
health, and the environmental implications and applications of nanotec
Mark Wiesner
James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Wiesner's research interests include membrane processes, nanostructured materials,
transport and fate of nanomaterials in the environment, colloidal and interfacial
processes, and environmental systems analysis.
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