Silver toxicity across salinity gradients: the role of dissolved silver chloride species (AgCl x ) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life-stage toxicity.

Matson, Cole W

Bone, Audrey J

Auffan, Mélanie

Lindberg, T Ty

Arnold, Mariah C

Hsu-Kim, Heileen

Wiesner, Mark R

Di Giulio, Richard T

United States

2016-06-29T20:21:17Z

2016-08

The influence of salinity on Ag toxicity was investigated in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) early life-stages. Embryo mortality was significantly reduced as salinity increased and Ag(+) was converted to AgCl(solid). However, as salinity continued to rise (>5 ‰), toxicity increased to a level at least as high as observed for Ag(+) in deionized water. Rather than correlating with Ag(+), Fundulus embryo toxicity was better explained (R(2) = 0.96) by total dissolved Ag (Ag(+), AgCl2 (-), AgCl3 (2-), AgCl4 (3-)). Complementary experiments were conducted with medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos to determine if this pattern was consistent among evolutionarily divergent euryhaline species. Contrary to Fundulus data, medaka toxicity data were best explained by Ag(+) concentrations (R(2) = 0.94), suggesting that differing ionoregulatory physiology may drive observed differences. Fundulus larvae were also tested, and toxicity did increase at higher salinities, but did not track predicted silver speciation. Alternatively, toxicity began to increase only at salinities above the isosmotic point, suggesting that shifts in osmoregulatory strategy at higher salinities might be an important factor. Na(+) dysregulation was confirmed as the mechanism of toxicity in Ag-exposed Fundulus larvae at both low and high salinities. While Ag uptake was highest at low salinities for both Fundulus embryos and larvae, uptake was not predictive of toxicity.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27170044

10.1007/s10646-016-1665-3

1573-3017

https://hdl.handle.net/10161/12415

eng

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Ecotoxicology

10.1007/s10646-016-1665-3

Bioavailability

Fundulus heteroclitus

Ionoregulation

Na+ balance

Salinity

Silver

Animals

Environmental Monitoring

Fundulidae

Oryzias

Salinity

Silver

Sodium Chloride

Toxicity Tests

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Silver toxicity across salinity gradients: the role of dissolved silver chloride species (AgCl x ) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life-stage toxicity.

Journal article

Hsu-Kim, Heileen|0000-0003-0675-4308

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27170044

1105

1118

6

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Duke

Duke Science & Society

Earth and Ocean Sciences

Environmental Sciences and Policy

Initiatives

Institutes and Provost's Academic Units

Marine Science and Conservation

Nicholas School of the Environment

Pratt School of Engineering

Published

25