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A comparison of temperament in nonhuman apes and human infants.

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Date
2011-11
Authors
Herrmann, Esther
Hare, Brian
Cissewski, Julia
Tomasello, Michael
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Abstract
The adaptive behavior of primates, including humans, is often mediated by temperament. Human behavior likely differs from that of other primates in part due to temperament. In the current study we compared the reaction of bonobos, chimpanzees, orangutans, and 2.5-year-old human infants to novel objects and people - as a measure of their shyness-boldness, a key temperamental trait. Human children at the age of 2.5 years avoided novelty of all kinds far more than the other ape species. This response was most similar to that seen in bonobos and least like that of chimpanzees and orangutans. This comparison represents a first step in characterizing the temperamental profiles of species in the hominoid clade, and these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that human temperament has evolved since our lineage diverged from the other apes in ways that likely have broad effects on behavior. These findings also provide new insights into how species differences in ecology may shape differences in temperament.
Type
Journal article
Subject
Analysis of Variance
Animals
Behavior, Animal
Child, Preschool
Female
Hominidae
Humans
Latency Period (Psychology)
Male
Observation
Shyness
Species Specificity
Temperament
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10161/13651
Published Version (Please cite this version)
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01082.x
Publication Info
Herrmann, Esther; Hare, Brian; Cissewski, Julia; & Tomasello, Michael (2011). A comparison of temperament in nonhuman apes and human infants. Dev Sci, 14(6). pp. 1393-1405. 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01082.x. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/13651.
This is constructed from limited available data and may be imprecise. To cite this article, please review & use the official citation provided by the journal.
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Scholars@Duke

Hare

Brian Hare

Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology
Tomasello

Michael Tomasello

James F. Bonk Distinguished Professor
Major research interests in processes of social cognition, social learning, cooperation, and communication from developmental, comparative, and cultural perspectives. Current theoretical focus on processes of shared intentionality. Empirical research mainly with human children from 1 to 4 years of age and great apes.
Alphabetical list of authors with Scholars@Duke profiles.
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