Noninvasive identification of carbon-based black pigments with pump-probe microscopy.
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2024-12
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Carbon-based black pigments, a widely used class of pigments, are difficult to differentiate with the noninvasive techniques currently used in cultural heritage science. We use pump-probe microscopy, coupled with a support vector machine, to distinguish common carbon-based black pigments as pure pigments, as two-component black pigment mixtures, and as a mixture of a black and a colorful pigment. This work showcases the potential of pump-probe microscopy to spatially differentiate carbon-based black pigments, which would have interesting applications to works of art.
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Kastenholz, Heidi V, Michael I Topper, Warren S Warren, Martin C Fischer and David Grass (2024). Noninvasive identification of carbon-based black pigments with pump-probe microscopy. Science advances, 10(50). p. eadp0005. 10.1126/sciadv.adp0005 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/31808.
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Warren S. Warren
Our work focuses on the design and application of what might best be called novel pulsed techniques, using controlled radiation fields to alter dynamics. The heart of the work is chemical physics, and most of what we do is ultrafast laser spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance. It generally involves an intimate mixture of theory and experiment: recent publications are roughly an equal mix of pencil- and-paper theory, computer calculations with our workstations, and experiments. Collaborations also play an important role, particularly for medical applications.
Martin Fischer
Dr. Fischer’s research focuses on exploring novel nonlinear optical contrast mechanisms for molecular imaging. Nonlinear optical microscopes can provide non-invasive, high-resolution, 3-dimensional images even in highly scattering environments such as biological tissue. Established contrast mechanisms, such as two-photon fluorescence or harmonic generation, can image a range of targets (such as autofluorescent markers or some connective tissue structure), but many of the most molecularly specific nonlinear interactions are harder to measure with power levels one might be willing to put on tissue. In order to use these previously inaccessible interactions as structural and molecular image contrasts we are developing ultrafast laser pulse shaping and pulse shape detection methods that dramatically enhance measurement sensitivity. Applications of these microscopy methods range from imaging biological tissue (mapping structure, endogenous tissue markers, or exogenous contrast agents) to characterization of nanomaterials (such as graphene and gold nanoparticles). The molecular contrast mechanisms we originally developed for biomedical imaging also provide pigment-specific signatures for paints used in historic artwork. Recently we have demonstrated that we can noninvasively image paint layers in historic paintings and we are currently developing microscopy techniques for use in art conservation and conservation science.
Dr. Fischer is also the director of the Advanced Light Imaging and Spectroscopy (ALIS) facility at Duke University.
David Grass
I'm a postdoctoral associate in the department of Chemistry at Duke University. My primary interests are light-matter interactions at the nano- and micro-scale. My main research focus at the moment is improving diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma with advanced microscopic methods (pump-probe microscopy). More broadly, I am also interested in optical levitation and it's application to fundamental physics, i.e. macroscopic quantum physics, as well as sensing.
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