Cholera in Haiti and other Caribbean regions, 19th century.
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2011-11
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Abstract
Medical journals and other sources do not show evidence that cholera occurred in Haiti before 2010, despite the devastating effect of this disease in the Caribbean region in the 19th century. Cholera occurred in Cuba in 1833-1834; in Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, Nevis, Trinidad, the Bahamas, St. Vincent, Granada, Anguilla, St. John, Tortola, the Turks and Caicos, the Grenadines (Carriacou and Petite Martinique), and possibly Antigua in 1850-1856; and in Guadeloupe, Cuba, St. Thomas, the Dominican Republic, Dominica, Martinique, and Marie Galante in 1865-1872. Conditions associated with slavery and colonial military control were absent in independent Haiti. Clustered populations, regular influx of new persons, and close quarters of barracks living contributed to spread of cholera in other Caribbean locations. We provide historical accounts of the presence and spread of cholera epidemics in Caribbean islands.
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Jenson, Deborah, Victoria Szabo and undefined Duke FHI Haiti Humanities Laboratory Student Research Team (2011). Cholera in Haiti and other Caribbean regions, 19th century. Emerg Infect Dis, 17(11). pp. 2130–2135. 10.3201/eid1711.110958 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/5109.
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Deborah Jenson
My career began with graduate training under Hélène Cixous (Paris VIII) and Barbara E. Johnson (Harvard University), and segued to faculty roles at the University of New Mexico-Albuquerque (1995-2002), the University of Wisconsin-Madison (2002-2008), and Duke University (2008-2025; Emerita, 2026-). I am an interdisciplinary scholar of French and Caribbean Literature and Culture, with particular interest in the “long 19th century” in France and Haiti, cognitive literary studies, health humanities, and global south philosophy. Monographs, edited volumes, and translations include: Beyond the Slave Narrative: Politics, Sex, and Manuscripts in the Haitian Revolution (2011); Trauma and Its Representations: The Social Life of Mimesis in Post-Revolutionary France (2001); Poetry of Haitian Independence (2015, with D. Kadish and N. Shapiro); Unconscious Dominions: Psychoanalysis, Colonial Trauma, and Global Sovereignty (2011, with W. Anderson and R. Keller); Sarah, A Colonial Novella (2008, with D. Kadish); and "Coming to Writing" and Other Essays by Hélène Cixous (1991). Edited journal issues include The EcoBrain: Ecologies of Cognition and Cognitive Ecologies in Ecokritike (2025, with Cate Reilly, Miguel Rojas-Sotelo, and Hugh Roberts); Representation in Neusocience and Humanities in Frontiers Integrative Neuroscience and Psychology (2022, with Marco Iacoboni and Len White); States of Freedom, Freedom of States in The Global South (2012, with Michaeline Crichlow and Patricia Northover); The Haiti Issue: 1804 and Nineteenth-Century French Studies in Yale French Studies (2005). Duke University provided the opportunity for me not only to collaborate with others around humanities labs (the “Haiti Lab,” 2010-2013, and the “Health Humanities Lab”, 2016-2020), but to serve as a Research Professor of Global Health at the Duke Institute for Global Health, and an affiliate of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, where I co-directed the Neurohumanities Research Group, Duke Neurohumanities in Paris, and the Brain and Society theme of Bass Connections. In addition to my articles in humanities journals and edited volumes, I have published collaborative work in scientific venues including The American Psychologist (2023), Epilepsy and Behavior (2020), and Emerging Infectious Diseases (2011). My administrative roles at Duke included directing the Franklin Humanities Institute (2015-2017)and the Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (2012-2014). Teaching opportunities have built on the collaborative and interdisciplinary nature of my research, with courses including “Flaubert’s Brain: Neurohumanities,” “Haiti to New Orleans,” "Pandemic Humanities: Reimagining Health and Medicine in Romance Studies," “Storytelling in Medicine and Health,” “Trauma and Global Health," "Mimesis in Theory and Practice," and "Global Humanities in French.” Recent courses have built on my interests in philosophy, and include "Sylvia Wynter and Caribbean Philosophy," and co-taught courses with Felwine Sarr (“African Philosophy” and “Africana Philosophy in French”).
As I embark on the Emeritus phase of my Duke faculty career, I am preparing, with John Gartrell, Meg Brown, and two of our Romance Studies graduate students, an exhibit and symposium for the opening of the Sylvia Wynter archives at Duke in early March2026, and I am working on the translation of a novel by the award-winning Haitian author Yanick Lahens.
Victoria Szabo
My primary teaching and research interests are in the intersection of digital humanities and technology, media, communication, and information studies, especially in relation to spatial, immersive, and interactive media forms, histories, and cultures. My current projects focus on archives-driven, extended reality (XR) experiences in urban, exurban, and exhibition context, with ongoing attention to location-based augmented reality (AR), digital storytelling, and artificial intelligence (AI) in cultural heritage and media arts. I am Director of Graduate Studies for the Computational Media, Arts & Cultures PhD and of the Information Science + Studies Graduate Certificate and Lab. I am also a core member of the Digital Art History & Visual Culture Research Lab at Duke, and of the international Visualizing Cities collaborative.
Recent collaborative digital projects include Digital Durham, NC Jukebox (NC mountain music), Ghett/App (architectural history of the Venetian Ghetto), A Worthy Place: Duke, Durham, and the World of the1 1920s-30s, and Virtual Black Charlotte, in collaboration with Johnson C Smith University. A new project, Visualizing Lovecraft's Providence, explores the multimodal digital remediation of fictive places and spaces as a form of literary adaptation. I also co-create video game based art installations with Psychasthenia Studio, and engage in digital arts curation and exhibition projects within the digital arts community at ACM SIGGRAPH, where I am currently Chair of the Art Advisory Group.
Before coming to Duke, I worked at Stanford University Libraries as an Academic Technology Specialist for the Introduction to the Humanities Program, where I also taught, and then as an ATS team manager for the Office of the Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education. I have also worked as an instructional Multimedia Specialist for Grinnell College. In the early 2000s I was a member of the iTunes U partnership with Apple that helped develop academic podcasting in higher ed.
I have a PhD in English from the University of Rochester (2000), where I studied 19th century British literature and culture, sensationalism, and women's authorship. I also have a Certificate from the Susan B. Anthony Institute for Research on Women and Gender. I got my start in what became the digital humanities in the 1990s by working on the original online Camelot Project and TEAMS Medieval English Texts Series at the Robbins Library at Rochester. I currently serve as a Consulting Editor for the METS. I also have an MA in English from Indiana University, Bloomington (1992), and a BA in English from Williams College (1990).
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