Cognitive Processes in Response to Goal Failure: A Study of Ruminative Thought and its Affective Consequences.
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2013-05-01
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Abstract
Failure to make progress toward personal goals can lead to negative affective states, such as depression and anxiety. Past research suggests that rumination in response to goal failure may prolong and intensify those acute emotional responses, but that process remains unclear. We examined ruminative thought processes following experimentally manipulated exposure to past failures to attain advancement (promotion) goals and safety (prevention) goals. We predicted that priming of past promotion and prevention goal failures would lead individuals to think repetitively about these failures and that negative affect would be evoked by their recognition of their failures. Further, we predicted that when people experience a sufficient magnitude of negative affect, ruminative thought would intensify and prolong the negative affect associated with that type of goal failure. Results yielded strong support for our predictions regarding promotion goal failure and modest support for those regarding prevention goal failure.
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Jones, NP, AA Papadakis, CA Orr and TJ Strauman (2013). Cognitive Processes in Response to Goal Failure: A Study of Ruminative Thought and its Affective Consequences. J Soc Clin Psychol, 32(5). 10.1521/jscp.2013.32.5.482 Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/13851.
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Timothy J. Strauman
Professor Strauman’s work is grounded in the premise that mental health and well-being are fundamentally shaped by self-regulation—how individuals pursue goals, respond to challenges, and adapt over time. His research integrates clinical psychology, affective neuroscience, and behavioral science to characterize the psychological and neurobiological systems that support self-regulation, and to understand how disruptions in these systems contribute to vulnerability to depression and related conditions.
Across a program of experimental, clinical, and neuroimaging research, his work has examined self-regulation as a multi-level system, including its cognitive and motivational mechanisms, its development through socialization, and its links to affective and immunological processes. This work has also informed the development and evaluation of novel interventions targeting self-regulatory dysfunction.
More recently, his work has focused on translating this science of self-regulation into scalable approaches to intervention and prevention. This includes the development of new models of treatment that target regulatory processes across disorders, as well as efforts to extend effective self-regulation skills beyond traditional clinical settings and into everyday contexts. This translational focus reflects a broader aim of building integrated, system-level approaches to mental health that can improve outcomes at population scale.
Unless otherwise indicated, scholarly articles published by Duke faculty members are made available here with a CC-BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial) license, as enabled by the Duke Open Access Policy. If you wish to use the materials in ways not already permitted under CC-BY-NC, please consult the copyright owner. Other materials are made available here through the author’s grant of a non-exclusive license to make their work openly accessible.